Facial Growth Flashcards
(71 cards)
what determines position of teeth and malocclusion
size shape and position of underlying jaws
why is it important to study facial growth
insight into growth of face
understand development of facial anomalies
measure changes in growth and treatment
when do the limbs, organs and face form in utero
within first two months
what can cause cranio-facial abnormalities early on in the pregnancy
external environmental influence
what is neural crest migration important in
development of face
when do the neural folds fuse and what do they form
neural tube
end of week 3
what will failure of neural folds to fuse cause
spina bifida
what does the neural tube develop into
brain and spinal cord
if the neural tube fails to develop what does it cause
anencephaly
what is absent with anencephaly
cerebral hemisphere and cranial vault
what cells are developed from ectoderm during folding of the neural plate
neural crest cells
what do neural crest cells undergo
migration and differentiate into other cell types
what contributes to the branchial arch cartilage, bone and connective tissue and dental tissues
ectomesenchyme
what does the ectomesenchyme come from
neural crest
when does formation of the face occur
during first eight weeks after fertilisation
what are defects of the face, particularly in the midline related to
defects of anterior parts of brain
what is the face formed from
migrating neural crest cells
what can failure of fusion between facial processes lead to
cleft formation
why can cleft lip occur independently of cleft palate
upper lip and anterior palate have different embryological origins from posterior palate and fuse at different times
what forms the branchial arches and when are they formed
migrating neural crest cells in week 4
when does the extension and fusion of facial processes occur
weeks 5-7
what is the skull divided into
neurocranium and viscerocranium
what does the neurocranium form
protective case around the brain
what does the viscerocranium form
skeleton of face
