Orthodontic Assessment

Question 1

why do we need orthodontic assessment

Answer 1

determine if any malocclusion present
identify underlying causes
decide if treatment is indicated

Question 2

when do we do orthodontic assessment

Answer 2

briefly at 9yrs
comprehensive exam at 11-12yrs
when older patients first present
if malocclusion develops later in life

Question 3

what are the 6 things to consider with the ideal occlusion

Answer 3

molar relationship
crown angulation
crown inclination
no rotations
no spaces
flat occlusal planes

Question 4

what do normal occlusions contain

Answer 4

minor deviations which do not cause aesthetic or functional problems

Question 5

what are malocclusions

Answer 5

more significant deviations from ideal that are unsatisfactory

Question 6

what are the conditions what are a contra indication to orthodontic treatment

Answer 6

allergy to nickel or latex
epilepsy/drugs

Question 7

what habits should you ask the patient of during a history

Answer 7

thumb sucking
lower lip sucking
tongue thrust
chewing finger nails

Question 8

what do we compare the patient to the parent for

Answer 8

malocclusion and growth potential

Question 9

what are the 3 planes used for facial skeletal pattern examination

Answer 9

antero-posterior
vertical
transverse

Question 10

what do we look for with antero posterior skeletal assessment

Answer 10

visual assessment
palpate skeletal bases

Question 11

what is skeletal class 1

Answer 11

maxilla 2-3mm in front of mandible

Question 12

what is skeletal class 2

Answer 12

maxilla more than 3mm in front of mandible

Question 13

what is skeletal class 3

Answer 13

mandible in front of maxilla

Question 14

how do you palpate the skeletal bases

Answer 14

place fingers in mouth to peel upper and lower lip back

Question 15

what plane is used for vertical skeletal assessment

Answer 15

frankfort - mandibular planes angle (FMPA)

Question 16

what is used to assess lateral skeletal assessment

Answer 16

mid sagittal reference line

Question 17

what does it mean if lips are incompetent

Answer 17

do not touch with relaxed mentalis muscle

Question 18

what are competent lips

Answer 18

lips that meet at rest with relaxed mentalis

Question 19

what can a lip trap do to upper incisors

Answer 19

procline

Question 20

what can a hyperactive lip do

Answer 20

retrocline lower incisors

Question 21

what does a lower hyperactive lip indicate

Answer 21

likely instability at end of treatment

Question 22

what is a tongue thrust on swallowing associated with

Answer 22

anterior open bite

Question 23

what are the occlusal features of a sucking habit

Answer 23

proclination of upper anteriors
retroclination of lower anteriors
localised AOB or incomplete OB
narrow upper arch and unilateral posterior crossbite

Question 24

what do you look for when examining the TMJ

Answer 24

path of closure, range of movement, pain, click from joint, deviation on opening, muscle tenderness

Question 25

what does a mandibular displacement mean

Answer 25

discrepancy in RCP and ICP

Question 26

what do we check for in intra oral examination

Answer 26

oral hygiene and periodontal health count teeth from back teeth of poor prognosis assess crowding/spacing inclination/angulation palpate for canines if not erupted note teeth of abnormal shape and size

Question 27

what do we look for in the lower arch in intra oral exam

Answer 27

degree of crowding rotations inclination of canines angulation of incisors to mandibular plane

Question 28

what do we look for in the upper arch in intra oral exam

Answer 28

degree of crowding rotations inclination of canines angulation of incisors to frankfort plane

Question 29

what is the angulation of the frankfort plane to long axis of upper incisor

Answer 29

110 degrees

Question 30

when the teeth are in occlusion what do we look for

Answer 30

incisor relationship overjet overbite/open bite molar relationship canine relationship cross bites centre lines

Question 31

what are the different classifications of incisor relationships

Answer 31

class 1 class 2 div 1 class 2 div 2 class 3

Question 32

what is a class 1 incisor relationship

Answer 32

lower incisor edges occlude with or lie immediately below the cingulum plateau of the upper central incisors

Question 33

what is a class 2 div 1 incisor relationship

Answer 33

upper incisors are proclined or of average inclination and there is an increase in overjet

Question 34

what is a class 2 div 2 incisor relationship

Answer 34

upper central incisors are retroclined. overjet is minimal or may be increased

Question 35

what is a class 3 incisor relationship

Answer 35

lower incisor edges lie anterior to cingulum plateau of upper incisors, overjet is reduced or reversed

Question 36

what are the buccal segment relationships

Answer 36

class 1 , class 2, class 3 cross bites

Question 37

what special investigations are used in orthodontic assessment

Answer 37

OPT, maxillary anterior occlusal, lateral ceph vitality tests, study models, photographs

Question 38

what do we do with information gathered from orthodontic assessment

Answer 38

summarise important points assess treatment needs devise treatment aims if appropriate plan treatment