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Orthodontics > Interceptive Orthodontics > Flashcards

Interceptive Orthodontics Flashcards

(66 cards)

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1
Q

describe the mouth at birth

A

gum pads
upper arch rounded
lower arch U shaped
appear class 2
AOB

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2
Q

what is the age span of deciduous eruption

A

6 months - 2.5yrs

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3
Q

what is the order of eruption

A

a b d c e
lowers before uppers

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4
Q

describe deciduous teeth

A

incisors more upright
spaced
wear

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5
Q

what happens to neo-natal teeth

A

abnormal dental development
lower incisors present at birth
extraction if mobile/difficulty breastfeeding

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6
Q

what are the 3 phases of eruption

A

pre eruptive
eruptive
post eruptive

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7
Q

what is the pre eruptive phase

A

when crown starts to form and ends when crown formation complete/root formation about to start

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8
Q

what is the eruptive phase

A

starts as soon as root starts to form and ends when teeth reach occlusal plane

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9
Q

what are the 2 parts of the eruptive stage

A

intra osseous and extra osseous

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10
Q

what is the post-eruptive phase

A

tooth movement/eruption continues as root forms and throughout life

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11
Q

describe the pre eruptive phase

A

crowns move in jaws
mesial and distal tooth movements

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12
Q

what do developing crowns reposition themselves in response to

A

growing length , width and height of jaws

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13
Q

how does the position of deciduous and permanent teeth change

A

due to eruption of deciduous teeth and increase in height of surrounding alveolar bone

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14
Q

how does movement of eruptive teeth occur

A

in response to positional changes of neighbouring crowns
growth of mandible and maxilla
resorption of deciduous tooth roots

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15
Q

what is the intra osseous eruptive phase

A

root formation
movement of developing tooth in occlusal direction
reduced enamel epithelial fuses with oral epithelium

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16
Q

what is the extra osseous eruptive phase

A

penetration of tooths crown tip through epithelial layers
crowns continued movement through mucosa in occlusal direction until contact point

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17
Q

what determines the final tooth position

A

environmental factors like muscle forces from cheeks, lips and tongue

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18
Q

what is the eruption pathway

A

an area where dental follicle degeneration occurs during intra osseous eruption

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19
Q

what is the gubernacular cord

A

fibres formed from the dental follicle in periphery of eruption pathway

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20
Q

why does post eruptive movement occur

A

in response to increased height of growing alveolar bone and jaws
in response to abrasion and attrition
in response to loss of opposing teeth

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21
Q

what does proximal surface tooth wear lead to

A

mesial drift

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22
Q

what causes teeth to erupt

A

root formation
remodelling of alveolar bone
development of periodontal ligament

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23
Q

what are the roles of the dental follicle

A

initiate resorption of bone overlying tooth
facilitate connective tissue degradation
create eruption pathway
promote alveolar bone growth
provide traction forces within PDL
contribute to root formation

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24
Q

when should a deciduous tooth be extracted for a permanent tooth to be encouraged to erupt

A

one half to two thirds root development of permanent tooth

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25
what is interceptive orthodontics
any procedure that will reduce or eliminate the severity of a developing malocclusion
26
when is interception needed in the early mixed dentition
impacted 6s potential crowding early loss of deciduous teeth carious 6s cross bites transposed teeth habits
27
when do 6s erupt
6 years
28
when do 1s erupt
7 years
29
when do 2s erupt
8 years
30
when do 4s erupt
10 years
31
when do 3s and 5s erupt
11-12
32
when do 7s erupt
12-13
33
how is space gained for the permanent dentition
increase in intercanine width through lateral growth of jaws upper incisors erupt onto wider arc (more proclined) leeway space
34
what should the leeway space on the upper arch be
1 to 1.5mm
35
what should the leeway space on the lower arch be
2 to 2.5mm
36
how do you work out leeway space
primary canine, first molar and second molar minus permanent canine, first premolar and second premolar
37
when should a diastema close
if it is <2.5mm
38
what are the factors of development of mixed dentition
sequence symmetry chronological guidelines
39
how do you manage an impacted first permanent molar
if patient less than 7 then wait six months orthodontic separator distalise first molar extract E distal disking of E
40
how can unerupted central incisors occur
supernumeraries trauma to primary tooth causing dilaceration of permanent tooth pathology
41
how do you assess an unerupted central incisor
take a case history regarding trauma extra oral intra oral - palpate labially and palatally is primary tooth present and mobile/discoloured radiograph
42
how do you manage an unerupted central incisor
remove primary teeth and supernumeraries create space monitor for 12 months expose/bond gold chain
43
what does early loss of deciduous teeth cause
localised crowding
44
what does localised crowding effect vary with
degree of crowding present already age arch tooth
45
what is balancing extraction
removal of a tooth from opposite side of same arch
46
why do we balance extractions
maintain position of dental centreline
47
what is compensating extraction
removal of a tooth from opposing quadrant
48
why do we compensate extraction
maintain buccal occlusion
49
how do we manage early loss of c's
balance extraction
50
how do we manage early loss of e's
consider space maintainer
51
what does a removable space maintainer consist of
adams clasp on 6s labial bow southend clasps baseplate mesial stop if required
52
what does a fixed space maintainer consist of
palatal and lingual arches band and loop
53
when do we assess first molars
8-9 years
54
what is the decision to extract poor prognosis first molars based on
age of patient/stage of dental development degree of crowding malocclusion type condition of other teeth LA/GA
55
what is required for the best result when extracting first molars
7s bifurcation calcifying 8s present class 1 moderate lower crowding mild/moderate upper crowding
56
when extracting 6s what else should we extract
if lower 6 then take upper 6 if upper dont take lower
57
when do we treat a posterior unilateral cross bite
displacement on closure >2mm index of orthodontic treatment need is 4c
58
what is on URA when fixing a posterior unilateral cross bite
hyrax screw for active component adams clasp base plate with post
59
what are instructions to patient with URA
wear full time keep teeth and URA clean brush after eating use mouthwash daily avoid sugary food and drinks remove for sports speech affected initially excess salivation
60
what do we assess with anterior cross bites
displacement mobility of lower incisor tooth wear gingival recession
61
what is used on a URA for anterior cross bites
z spring
62
what occurs once treatment has been given for anterior cross bite
over bite
63
how do you manage a digit habit
positive reinforcement bitter nail varnish glove on hand habit breaker appliance
64
what URA is used as a habit breaker appliance
one piece baseplate with single goal post
65
how do you know if your patient is wearing their appliance
ask did they walk in with it in can they speak suffering from saliva take in and out easily signs of wear palatal signs - erythema tooth moved is active component active or passive does it still fit
66
when should we aim to stop habits by
before 9 years of age

Orthodontics (10 decks)

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