Factors that influence ability to remember Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is forgetting?
inability to recover info that was previously stored
What is the encoding specificity principle?
discovered by Tulving and Thomson
- states that associations made in the time of encoding a memory - will be the most effective retrieval cue
What are retrieval cues?
stimulus that helps the process of recovering info in memory
What are context-dependent cues?
environmental cues of a situation where a memory was formed
What are some examples of context-dependent cues?
sight + smell + brightness of light
What are state-dependent cues?
physiological and psychological state the person was in when the memory was formed
What are some examples of state-dependent cues?
mood + level of anxiety
What is maintenance rehearsal?
repeating info over and over again in order to increase the duration of STM
What is elaborative rehearsal?
linking a new memory to a preexisting long term memory in a meaningful way
What are the pros and cons of both maintenance rehearsal and elaborative rehearsal?
Maintenance is good for meaningless info
= but can be interrupted by new info
= shallow level of processing
Elaborative rehearsal increases long term retention and increases understanding
= but can be time consuming
= takes more conscious effort
What is the serial position effect?
states that there will be better recall of words at the beginning and end of a list than the middle of a list
What is the primacy effect?
superior recall of words at the beginning of a list
What is the recency effect?
superior recall of words at the end of a list
Where are the words at the start transferred and where are the words at the end transferred?
words at the start = in LTM
words at the end = STM
What is an asymptote?
worse recall of words in the middle of the list
