Multi-Store Model of Memory - Atkinson and Shiffrin Flashcards
What is memory?
processing, storage and retrieval of information gathered through learning
What is encoding?
process where info in converted into a form where it can be stored in memory
What is storage?
keeping information in the brain so we can use it for later on
- retention of information over time
What is retrieval?
process of getting info back from memory so we can use it
What is the Atikson and Shiffrin model?
describes the three stores of memory
- proposes that memory consists of 3 different stores
- LTM, STM and Sensory memory
What is sensory memory?
is the entry point for memory where sensory info is stored for a brief period of time
What are the 2 elements of sensory memory?
Echoic and Iconic Memory
What is iconic memory?
incoming visual sensory information = 0.2 - 0.4 secs
What is echoic memory?
incoming auditory sensory information = 3-4 seconds
What happens when you attend to info in sensory memory? And what occurs when you ignore it?
attend to it = transferred over to short term memory
ignore it = lost very quickly
What is short term memory?
a part of memory when information is stored for a short period of time
- allows us to retain info for long enough to use it
What is the duration of short term memory?
12-30 seconds
What is the capacity of short term memory?
7±2
5-9 items
What are the two types of rehearsal and what part of memory do they belong to?
Maintenance rehearsal = STM
Elaborative rehearsal = LTM
What is maintenance rehearsal?
repetition of info in order to keep it in short term memory for longer
What is the decay of info?
when info is not attended to regularly and fades away over time
What is the displacement of info?
when info is pushed out by new incoming info
What is elaborative rehearsal?
assigning meaning to info and linking it to a past memory = transfer over to long term memory
What is long term memory?
stores an unlimited amount of info for a very long time
What are the two main types of long term memory?
explicit and implicit memory
What is explicit memory?
memory that has to be consciously or intentionally recalled
What is another name for explicit memory?
declarative memory
What are the two subdivisions of explicit or declarative memory?
Episodic
Semantic
What is episodic memory?
memory of personally experienced events
- episodes of your life in memories
