Fall 24: Chapters 8, 9 & 10 Quizzes Flashcards by Makayla Sullivan

Penetration will result in which shades of the radiographic image?
a. Light or white
b. Dark or black
c. Both light and dark in equal numbers

b. Dark or black

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Which of the following is an undesirable contributor to image contrast and density?
a. Photodisintegration
b. Photoelectric
c. Pair production
d. Compton

d. Compton

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Which interaction in the diagnostic range involves the total absorption of the incident photon?
a. Photoelectric
b. Photodisintegration
c. Compton
d. Pair production

a. Photoelectric

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A photon of 10 MeV colliding with a nucleus will likely result in what type of interaction?
a. Photodisintegration
b. Compton
c. Pair production
d. Photoelectric

a. Photodisintegration

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Penetration is more likely with which photon energy?
a. High
b. Low
c. Does not depend on energy

a. High

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The ejection of a nuclear fragment is part of which interaction?
a. Pair production
b. Photodisintegration
c. Compton
d. Photoelectric

b. Photodisintegration

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Which of the following affects quantity?
1. kVp 2. mAs 3. distance
a. 1 only
b. 2 only
c. 3 only
d. 1 and 2 only
e. 2 and 3 only
f. 1 and 3 only
g. 1, 2, and 3

g. 1, 2, and 3

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Positive contrast media is administered to a patient to increase what type of interaction?
a. Classical
b. Pair production
c. Photoelectric
d. Compton

c. Photoelectric

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Which of the following equates to patient dose?
a. Absorption
b. Scatter
c. Penetration

a. Absorption

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Which kVp will produce the greatest number of photodisintegration events?
a. 120
b. 108
c. 98
d. None of the above

d. None of the above

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The problem with scatter is that it strikes the image receptor in the wrong place.
a. True
b. False

a. True

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Which interaction, within the diagnostic range, does not involve the removal of an orbital electron?
a. Photoelectric
b. Pair production
c. Classical
d. Compton

c. Classical

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What happens to quality as mAs increase?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Unaffected by mAs

c. Unaffected by mAs

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Which of the following tissue types is likely to have the greatest number of photoelectric events?
a. Bone
b. Muscle
c. Soft tissue
d. Fat

a. Bone

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Secondary photons are also produced during what type of interaction?
a. Classical
b. Photodisintegration
c. Photoelectric
d. Pair production

c. Photoelectric

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Differential absorption involves which interaction?
a. Compton
b. Classical
c. Pair production
d. Photoelectric

d. Photoelectric

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When the kVp selected is equal to or slightly greater than the inner shell binding energy of a tissue atom, which interaction predominates?
a. Pair production
b. Compton
c. Classical
d. Photoelectric

d. Photoelectric

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An x-ray beam HVL can be increased by increasing which of the following?
a. SID
b. Filtration
c. mA
d. SSD
e. mAs

b. Filtration

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X-rays of higher maximum energy can be obtained by doing which of the following?
a. Using a higher Z target
b. Increasing mAs
c. Increasing filtration
d. Reducing inherent filtration
e. Increasing kVp

e. Increasing kVp

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To maintain a constant optical density, what percentage increase in kVp should be accompanied by a reduction of one-half in mAs?
a. 15%
b. 50%
c. 5%
d. 30%
e. 10%

a. 15%

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Another meaning of “x-ray quantity” is x-ray:
a. Penetrability
b. Quality
c. Energy
d. Filtration
e. Intensity

e. Intensity

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Which is reduced as x-ray energy increases?
a. Projectile-electron energy
b. Filtration
c. X-ray wavelength
d. X-ray frequency
e. Target-electron energy

c. X-ray wavelength

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To measure HVL, which of the following is required?
a. A sensitometer
b. A penetrameter
c. A collimator
d. A densitometer
e. Aluminum absorbers

e. Aluminum absorbers

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What occurs when the small rather than the large cathode coil is energized?
a. Longer exposures needed
b. Smaller effective focal spot
c. Lower HVL
d. Increased x-ray quality
e. Increased cathode heating

b. Smaller effective focal spot

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An increase in kVp results in an increase in: a. The maximum x-ray wavelength b. Only the characteristic x-ray emission spectrum c. Only the bremsstrahlung x-ray emission spectrum d. Radiation quality e. Characteristic x-ray energy

d. Radiation quality

An x-ray beam filter has the greatest effect on dose reduction to the: a. Gonads b. Whole body c. Thyroid d. Skin e. Lens

d. Skin

The primary purpose of adding filtration to an x-ray beam is to: a. Remove low-energy x-rays b. Protect the film from low-energy x-rays c. Remove penetrating x-rays d. Remove low-energy electrons e. Cause high-energy x-rays to Compton scatter

a. Remove low-energy x-rays

Which of the following does not affect x-ray quantity? a. Radioactivity b. Time c. Filtration d. kVp e. mA

a. Radioactivity

The light-localizing, variable-aperture collimator contributes: a. Scatter x-rays b. No filtration when its light is on c. No filtration when its light is off d. To added filtration e. To inherent filtration

d. To added filtration

An aluminum filter: a. Is not necessary below 50 kVp. b. Increases skin dose. c. Of at least 1 cm is required. d. Decreases the intensity of all energies of the x-ray beam. e. Reduces the effective energy of the beam.

d. Decreases the intensity of all energies of the x-ray beam.

Added filtration affects the x-ray beam in what way? a. Higher patient dose b. Increased beam hardening c. Higher beam quantity d. Poorer beam quality e. Reduced kVp

b. Increased beam hardening

The HVL is defined as: a. The mAs value required to double quantity. b. Twice the required shielding. c. A thickness of attenuator that will halve x-ray quantity. d. A thickness of attenuator that will double x-ray quantity. e. Half the required shielding.

c. A thickness of attenuator that will halve x-ray quantity.

The purpose of a wedge filter in diagnostic radiology is to produce: a. A uniform x-ray beam intensity at the image receptor b. A harder beam c. An x-ray beam to fit the image receptor d. A softer beam e. A uniform x-ray beam intensity at the patient

a. A uniform x-ray beam intensity at the image receptor

If a filament electron enters an atom with 70 keV of energy, passes the nucleus and leaves with 10 keV, what is produced? a. Heat b. 70 kVp brems c. 60 kVp brems d. 80 kVp brems

c. 60 kVp brems

What happens to filament electrons after they interact with target atoms? 1. Fill a shell vacancy in an atom 2. Become part of the current through the tube 3. Convert to heat 4. Disintegrates a. 1 and 2 only b. 2 and 3 only c. 1 and 4 only d. 3 and 4 only

a. 1 and 2 only

Where is the discrete line placed on an x-ray emission spectrum for a tungsten target? a. 69 b. 30 c. 95 d. 75

a. 69

Brems is the interaction that occurs most often. a. True b. False

a. True

L characteristic originates from which of the following shells being filled? a. L b. M c. K d. N

a. L

Characteristic photons are produced with the filling of each shell vacancy. a. True b. False

a. True

Only L shell electrons can fill K shell vacancies. a. True b. False

b. False

As the distance between the filament electron and nucleus gets smaller, what happens to the brems photon energy? a. Increases b. Stays the same c. Decreases

a. Increases

If filling a K shell vacancy, which shell electron would produce the highest energy characteristic photon? a. O shell b. L shell c. N shell d. M shell

a. O shell

The discrete portion of the x-ray emission spectrum would change position with a change in _____________. a. voltage ripple b. target material c. kVp d. mAs

b. target material

How does added filtration affect the emission spectrum? a. Reduced amplitude and a shift to the left b. Increased amplitude and a shift to the right c. Reduced amplitude and a shift to the right d. Increased amplitude and a shift to the right

c. Reduced amplitude and a shift to the right

A change in kVp affects both the ______ and the ______ of the x-ray emission spectrum. a. position; energy b. position; discrete x-ray emission spectrum c. amplitude; energy d. amplitude; position

d. amplitude; position

Changes in _______ result in directly proportional changes in the amplitude of the emission spectrum. a. Target material b. filtration c. mAs d. kVp

c. mAs

The amplitude of the emission spectrum with a _________ generator is __________ it is with a three-phase generator. a. single-phase; the same as b. high frequency; lower than c. single-phase; lower than d. single-phase; higher than

c. single-phase; lower than

A 15% increase in kVp is equivalent to ___________________. Correct a. doubling the mAs b. increasing the mAs 15% c. increasing the mAs 1½ times d. tripling the mAs

a. doubling the mAs

Approximately _____ of the kinetic energy of electrons from the cathode is converted to heat. a. 15% b. 1% c. 99% d. 50%

c. 99%

Characteristic x-rays are emitted when an _________ electron fills an _________ void. Correct a. outer-shell; inner-shell b. inner-shell; inner-shell c. outer-shell; outer-shell d. inner-shell; outer-shell

a. outer-shell; inner-shell

Bremsstrahlung x-rays are produced when a ________ electron is slowed by the _______ field of a target atom nucleus. a. stationary; magnetic b. stationary; thermal c. projectile; magnetic d. projectile; nuclear

d. projectile; nuclear

A change in mA or mAs results in a proportional change in the ________ of the x-ray emission spectrum at all energies. a. discrete x-ray emission spectrum b. amplitude c. position d. energy

b. amplitude

Added filtration will ______ beam energy and ______ HVL. a. increase; decrease b. decrease; increase c. increase; increase d. decrease; decrease

c. increase; increase

X-ray intensity is proportional to ____. a. kVp^-2 b. kVp^2 c. kVp^3 d. kVp

b. kVp^2

The HVL is lowered by a decrease in ________. Correct a. kVp b. kVp and distance c. distance d. mAs and kVp

a. kVp

X-ray beam energy is improved by ____________. a. increasing filtration b. increasing distance c. lowering kVp d. decreasing filtration

a. increasing filtration

The main purpose of added filtration is to reduce ____________. a. the HVL b. beam quality c. patient dose d. beam penetrability

c. patient dose

A compensating filter is used to create ________ exposure with a body part of _________ thickness. a. uniform; uniform b. uniform; nonuniform c. nonuniform; uniform d. nonuniform; nonuniform

b. uniform; nonuniform

X-ray intensity is directly proportional to _____. a. mAs^2 b. mAs^-2 c. mAs d. mAs^3

c. mAs

X-ray quantity is _______ proportional to the ________ of the distance from the source. a. directly; square b. inversely; cube c. directly; cube d. inversely; square

d. inversely; square

When SID is increased, ______ must be increased by _____ to maintain constant exposure to the image receptor. a. kVp; SID b. kVp; SID^2 c. mAs; SID^2 d. mAs; SID

c. mAs; SID^2

Increasing kVp increases the _________ of an x-ray beam. a. x-ray emission spectrum b. filtration c. quantity d. energy

d. energy

Compton interactions, photoelectric absorption, and transmitted x-rays all contribute to _________________. a. attenuation b. differential absorption c. patient dose d. image fog

b. differential absorption

At energies below 40 keV, the predominant x-ray interaction in soft tissue and bone is ______________. a. photoelectric absorption b. coherent scatter c. compton scatter d. photodisintegration

a. photoelectric absorption

Compton scattering is an interaction between an x-ray and a(n) _________ electron that results in ionization and loss of energy. a. outer-shell b. inner-shell c. nuclear electric field d. nucleus

a. outer-shell

The photoelectric effect is an interaction between an x-ray and a(n) _________ electron that results in total x-ray absorption. a. inner-shell b. outer-shell c. nucleus d. nuclear electric field

a. inner-shell

Photodisintegration is an interaction that takes place at which energy level? a. Energies higher than 10 MeV b. High energy c. Energies higher than 1.02 MeV d. Low-energy

a. Energies higher than 10 MeV

X-rays transmitted without interaction contribute to ___________________. a. photoelectric absorption b. the radiographic image c. the image fog d. beam attenuation

b. the radiographic image

High kVp techniques reduce ____________. a. image noise b. patient dose c. image fog d. differential absorption

b. patient dose

If 5% of an incident beam is transmitted through a body part, then 95% of that beam was ______________. a. back-scattered b. scattered c. absorbed d. attenuated

d. attenuated

Coherent scattering is an interaction between _______ x-rays and atoms. a. energies higher than 10 MeV b. low-energy c. high energy d. energies higher than 1.02 MeV

b. low-energy

Pair production is an interaction between an x-ray and a(n) _________ that causes the x-ray to disappear and causes two electrons to take its place. a. inner-shell b. nucleus c. outer-shell d. nuclear electric field

d. nuclear electric field

Fall 24: Chapters 8, 9 & 10 Quizzes Flashcards

Bushong (72 cards)