Spring 25: Exam 4 Flashcards by Makayla Sullivan

The gain related to the decrease in size from the input to the output phosphor that increases the light intensities is the:

a. brightness gain
b. minification gain
c. flux
d. conversion factor

b. minification gain

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The formula for brightness gain is:

a. brightness gain = minification gain – flux gain
b. brightness gain = minification gain x flux gain
c. brightness gain = minification gain/flux gain
d. brightness gain = minification gain + flux gain

b. brightness gain = minification gain x flux gain

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Vidicon refers to a type of:

a. CCD
b. television monitor
c. fiber optics
d. camera tube

d. camera tube

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When operated in magnification mode, the electrostatic lenses have ________ voltage.

a. increased
b. the same amount as usual
c. decreased
d. one half

a. increased

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In image intensified fluoroscopy, in order to view the images on a television monitor, the light intensities are converted by a ________.

a. camera tube
b. electrostatic lens
c. charge-coupled device
d. a or c

d. a or c

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In digital fluoroscopy, the x-ray beam is operated in a continuous mode similar to conventional fluoroscopy.

a. True
b. False

b. False

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A disadvantage of using the magnification mode during fluoroscopy is ________.

a. decreased brightness
b. decreased spatial resolution
c. increased patient exposure
d. decreased contrast

c. increased patient exposure

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If a 30/23/15 cm image intensifier is operated in the 23 cm mode, the fluoroscopic image will be magnified by a factor of:

a. 1.5
b. 1.7
c. 1.3
d. 2

c. 1.3

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When spot filming during image-intensified fluoroscopy, the radiation dose to the patient is decreased.

a. True
b. False

b. False

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The fiber-optic bundle or optical lens system is used to:

a. deliver the image from the camera to the television monitor
b. link the output phosphor and camera or CCD
c. record the fluoroscopic image
d. none of the above

b. link the output phosphor and camera or CCD

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The input phosphor is ______________ than the output phosphor.

a. the same size as
b. larger
c. smaller
d. brighter

b. larger

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The purpose of a beam splitting mirror is to:

a. be able to view the fluoroscopic image on more than one television
b. reduce the intensity of the image from the output phosphor
c. allow spot filming to be done during fluoroscopy
d. none of the above

c. allow spot filming to be done during fluoroscopy

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In reference to image intensification, the function that adjusts and maintains the overall image brightness and contrast during the fluoroscopic procedure is:

a. APR
b. DQE
c. AEC
d. ABC

d. ABC

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What component of the image intensifier converts the visible light into electrons?

a. Input phosphor
b. Photocathode
c. Electrostatic focusing lenses
d. Output phosphor

b. Photocathode

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Brightness gain is a product of ________.

a. minification gain and flux gain
b. flux gain and automatic brightness control
c. minification gain and automatic brightness control
d. automatic brightness control and milliamperage

a. minification gain and flux gain

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A brightness gain of 40,000 would have a conversion factor of ________.

a. 40
b. 400
c. 4000
d. 40,000

b. 400

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What component of the image intensifier converts the exit or remnant radiation into visible light?

a. Input phosphor
b. Electrostatic focusing lenses
c. Photocathode
d. Output phosphor

a. Input phosphor

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In image-intensified fluoroscopy, the milliamperage range is typically ________.

a. 100 to 300 mA
b. 400 to 600 mA
c. 0.5 to 5 mA
d. 20 to 50 mA

c. 0.5 to 5 mA

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The __________________ is coated with light-emitting crystals to absorb electrons and emit light.

a. accelerating anode
b. photocathode
c. output phosphor
d. input phosphor

c. output phosphor

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Which of the following require the x-ray beam to be in radiographic mode?

a. Videotape
b. Film cameras for spot filming
c. Cassette spot imaging
d. None of the above

c. Cassette spot imaging

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Which of the following combinations will reduce patient radiation exposure during a digital fluoroscopy exam?

a. Highest pulse mode and highest dose rate
b. Lowest pulse mode and lowest dose rate
c. Highest pulse mode and lowest pulse rate
d. Lowest pulse mode and highest dose rate

b. Lowest pulse mode and lowest dose rate

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The numeric conversion factor value is equal to ________ of the brightness gain value.

a. 0.01
b. 0.1
c. 0.001
d. 1.0

a. 0.01

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The conventional or current method for viewing the fluoroscopic image is by:

a. using a mirror-optics system
b. looking directly at the output phosphor
c. using a TV monitor
d. using a hand-held device

c. using a TV monitor

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The process that the exit radiation from the anatomic area of interest interacts with the input phosphor for conversion to visible light, which are converted to electrons by a photocathode, then focused by electrostatic focusing lenses, and accelerated toward an anode to strike the output phosphor is:

a. image intensification
b. deadman switch
c. fluoroscopy
d. radiographic mode

a. image intensification

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During fluoroscopy, releasing the pressure applied to the pedal or switch terminates the radiation exposure and is known as the ________. a. intensification switch b. activation switch c. fluoroscopic timer d. deadman switch

d. deadman switch

Digital fluoroscopy is improved by using: a. videotape b. a vidicon camera c. a CCD d. a beam splitting mirror

c. a CCD

Which of the following has a rectangular field of view and a wider dynamic range? a. Conventional image intensifier b. Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier c. There is no difference between the two

b. Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier

Which of the following does not require any additional devices for spot filming during the fluoroscopic procedure? a. Conventional image intensifier b. Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier c. There is no difference between the two

b. Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier

Which of the following requires more radiation to produce quality fluoroscopic images? a. Conventional image intensifier b. Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier c. There is no difference between the two

a. Conventional image intensifier

An image that displays vignetting: a. is dim around the periphery b. shows the barrel stay artifact c. has higher contrast resolution d. is dim in the center e. has higher spatial resolution

a. is dim around the periphery

When a CCD is exposed to light, it generates and briefly stores light energy. a. True b. False

b. False

The number of light photons emitted within the image intensifier is ____________ to the amount of x-ray photons exiting the patient. a. unrelated b. inversely proportional c. directly proportional d. equal

c. directly proportional

Remasking may be required due to __________________. a. noise artifacts b. motion artifacts c. technical factors d. any of the above

d. Any of the above

Digital fluoroscopic dose rate is lower than that for continuous analog fluoroscopy. a. True b. False

a. True

Image-intensifier brightness gain increases with increasing: a. kVp b. Flux gain c. Radiation exposure d. mA e. Output phosphor size

b. Flux gain

The minification gain of an image intensifier increases with increasing: a. tube voltage b. output phosphor size c. input phosphor size d. kVp e. mA

c. input phosphor size

Use of which of the following systems will result in less radiation dose to the patient? a. Tube-type camera b. CCD c. There is no difference between the two

b. CCD

What is the function of the iris? a. To distinguish colors b. To focus the light onto the retina c. To protect the eye d. To sense visible-light photons e. To control the light level

e. To control the light level

Which of the following produces an image with more noise? a. Vidicon camera b. CCD c. There is no difference between the two

a. Vidicon camera

Flat-panel detectors for digital fluoroscopic imaging can be the: a. amorphous silicon indirect capture type b. photostimulable phosphor plate type c. amorphous selenium direct capture type d. A and B e. A and C

e. A and C

Early versions of digital fluoroscopy used the standard system and added: a. a different camera b. an ADC c. videotape d. none of the above

b. an ADC

Energy subtraction is based on which of the following? a. Changing mAs b. Contrast enhancement c. Noise reduction d. K-edge absorption e. Time differences

d. K-edge absorption

At which stage in image-intensified fluoroscopy is the number of image forming photons the lowest? a. leaving the photocathode b. leaving the output phosphor c. Entering the input phosphor d. Entering the photocathode e. leaving the input phosphor

c. Entering the input phosphor

Digital fluoroscopy with a charge-coupled device has lower _____________ and higher ______________ than conventional fluoroscopy. a. patient dose, light sensitivity b. detective quantum efficiency, maintenance c. signal-to-noise ratio, patient dose d. light sensitivity, patient dose

a. patient dose, light sensitivity

When using magnification mode, the fluoroscopist needs to manually set the exposure factors higher to compensate for the reduced diameter input phosphor. a. True b. False

b. False

The beam splitting mirror is never used with fiber optics. a. True b. False

a. True

The purpose of a camera tube or CCD is to record the fluoroscopic image. a. True b. False

b. False

Each electron that interacts with the output phosphor will result in significantly fewer light photons being produced in comparison to the number of light photons it took to release that electron. a. True b. False

b. False

The x-ray beam used with a digital fluoroscopic unit uses ___________ mA and a ______________ beam. a. high; pulsed b. low; constant c. low; pulsed d. high; constant

a. high; pulsed

Visual acuity is the ability to do which of the following? a. Vary depth of field b. Detect differences in brightness c. Control the amount of light entering the eye d. Distinguish colors e. Perceive fine detail

e. Perceive fine detail

Fluoroscopy for an air contrast barium enema is generally done at _____ kVp. a. 100 to 110 b. 65 to 75 c. 70 to 80 d. 80 to 90

d. 80 to 90

Viewing the fluoroscopic image in magnification mode increases _____________. a. spatial resolution b. patient dose c. contrast resolution d. contrast resolution, spatial resolution, and patient dose

d. contrast resolution, spatial resolution, and patient dose

Digital fluoroscopy energy subtraction has less ___________ than temporal subtraction. a. kVp switching b. x-ray intensity c. motion artifact d. complexity

c. motion artifact

Digital fluoroscopy systems with hybrid capabilities use both ____________________________. a. high mAs and low mass techniques b. charge coupled devices and TV monitors c. interlace and progressive modes d. temporal and energy subtraction

d. temporal and energy subtraction

In mask mode, the ________ image is shown on monitor B, and the ________ image is shown on monitor A. a. hybrid; mask b. subtracted; hybrid c. mask; subtracted d. subtracted; mask

c. mask; subtracted

The time-interval delay mode is principally used in ___________ imaging. a. run-off b. cardiac c. renal angiography d. barium enema

b. cardiac

Brightness gain is typically in the range of ____________. a. 3,000 to 4,000 b. 100 to 1,000 c. 50 to 75 d. 5,000 to 30,000

d. 5,000 to 30,000

Television monitoring allows ________________ to be controlled electronically. a. brightness b. bandwidth c. both brightness and contrast d. contrast

c. both brightness and contrast

Automatic brightness control (ABC) maintains the brightness of the image by varying ___________________. a. monitor bandwidth b. monitor settings, kVp, mA, and monitor bandwidth c. kVp and mA d. monitor settings

c. kVp and mA

Digital fluoroscopy uses at least _____ monitor(s). a. 3 b. 1 c. 2 d. 4

c. 2

A charge-coupled device used in digital fluoroscopy provides high _________________. a. detective quantum efficiency b. signal-to-noise ratio c. All of the options d. spatial resolution

c. All of the options

Digital fluoroscopy with a charge-coupled device has lower _____________ and higher ______________ than conventional fluoroscopy. a. light sensitivity; patient dose b. detective quantum efficiency; maintenance c. signal-to-noise ratio; patient dose d. patient dose; light sensitivity

d. patient dose; light sensitivity

Energy subtraction technique takes advantage of the difference in ______________ during contrast injection. a. K-edge absorption b. Compton scatter c. tissue density d. patient thickness

a. K-edge absorption

The combination of temporal and energy subtraction techniques is called _________. a. hybrid subtraction b. superimposition c. dual subtraction d. interlacing mode subtraction

a. hybrid subtraction

The fraction of time that the x-ray tube is energized is known as the _________________. a. extinction time b. interrogation time c. duty cycle d. data acquisition time

c. duty cycle

Which of the following is an advantage of the charge-coupled device for medical imaging? a. Low DQE b. High spatial resolution c. Increased spatial distortion d. All of the options

b. High spatial resolution

Which of the following is the material of the pixels used in the flat panel image receptor? a. Amorphous selenium/cesium iodide b. Cesium iodide/charge-coupled c. Gadolinium oxysulfide d. Cesium iodide/amorphous silicon

d. Cesium iodide/amorphous silicon

Advantages of DF over conventional fluoroscopy include the speed of ___________ and _______ to enhance image contrast. a. image brightness; image acquisition b. image acquisition; postprocessing c. preprocessing; postprocessing d. postprocessing; image brightness

b. image acquisition; postprocessing

During digital fluoroscopy, the x-ray tube operates in ______________ mode. a. magnification b. mask c. radiographic d. fluoroscopic

c. radiographic

The time required for the x-ray tube to be switched on and reach selected levels of kVp and mA is known as the _________________. a. duty cycle b. data acquisition time c. interrogation time d. extinction time

c. interrogation time

The time required for the x-ray tube to be switched off is known as the _________________. a. data acquisition time b. extinction time c. duty cycle d. interrogation time

b. extinction time

Which of the following is an advantage of temporal subtraction over energy subtraction? a. Simple arithmetic image subtraction b. Single kVp setting c. Utilizes normal x-ray beam filtration d. All of the options

d. All of the options

Due to a slow response of the video system, video noise may be high and several video frames may be summed in memory to create each image; this process is known as _________________. a. duty cycle b. data acquisition time c. extinction time d. image integration

d. image integration

If patient motion occurs between the mask image and a subsequent image, the subtracted image will contain ________________ artifacts. a. subtraction b. reregistration c. superimposition d. misregistration

d. misregistration

Spring 25: Exam 4 Flashcards

Bushong 25 & 26 (74 cards)