Family Flashcards

Question

divorce as a process: pre-divorce

Answer 1

- Children who's parents who will get divorce: show increased risk of difficulties ○ Effects happen even before the divorce

Answer 2

Short-term effects: 1-2 years after ○ 1 year after: height of challenges; reduces after 2 years - Most times, kids recover after these differences

Answer 3

Long-term effects - Greater risks of dropping out of school, divorce in the future, etc.

Answer 4

- no difference in adjustment, personality, achievement, sexual orientation - children from families with LGBTQ+ parents report feeling different and subjected to social slights BUT: feel positively about their families - children w/ same-sex parents appear to have closer parent-child relationships

Answer 5

related to child outcomes: - quality of parent relationship with each other - parent conflict - parent divorce NOT related: - sex/gender of parents

Answer 6

- By the time the children of divorced parents have grown into young adults, there's still a correlation w/ more emotional problems ○ Most of those effects happen more in the short term ○ But: reduction occurs as we get older (i.e. time goes on)

Answer 7

- Often experience harassment bullying - They feel that their family is different than the presumed norm Despite this, they still feel very positively about their family

Answer 8

- Tend to have closer parent-child relationships ○ How much of this has to do with the nature of the relationships vs being more well off (less stress, more time w/ kids, etc.) - Confound: families of same-sex parents are wealthier + more educated ○ If you're two men, you often have to invest time and money (ex: adoption, surrogate, etc.) ○ Often, queer parents that are having kids often have more support/more well off

Answer 9

When socializing a child to be a part of a competent society, culture/society plays a role in what's considered competent - Norms of behavior - Beliefs about parenting: what parents should be/how they should teach - Role of extended family: how much they are involved - Resources available: money, time, accessibility, etc.

Answer 10

--> the model we see was developed from an NA perspective § The goal is often independence; self-reliance; self control ○ Criticized: how much does this way of thinking about parenting extend beyond north American/western contexts?

Answer 11

- use of warmth/support and control - warmth/support appear beneficial for development ○ Universally beneficial: parents that use more support kids' do better

Answer 12

- Very different connotations of what is warmth and support ○ Ex: in many Asian cultures: sliced fruit

Answer 13

- w/ authoritative parenting: there's a "moderate tie" between control/demand - is this consistent across cultures? - different "ideals" of control

Answer 14

less warmth: tend to withhold praise, believed to lead self-satisfied children ○ Rooted in collectivistic values: you don't want children who are too separate more controlling: belief in deeply-involved parens, respect for family & authority ○ Involvement: parents have a role to be involved in their children's life ○ Chinese character: "To supervise" or "to govern" - seen as a neutral connotation of the word § This word has some love or neutrality involved in it

Answer 15

- classic studies show no negative effects of higher-control parenting in Chinese families - recent studies show authoritarian is linked to similar outcomes that we see within north American contexts ○ Anxiety, over reliance, etc.

Answer 16

- Differences across age? - Differences across regions within China and with immigrant populations? ○ China is huge!! ○ Not always the same w/ immigrants, etc. - Differences across types of control? ○ Physical, involvement, verbal etc.? - Changes over time ○ Has to do w/ globalization

Answer 17

more warming --> familismo: desire for family ties, for family support more control --> respeto: fulfill obligations, maintain harmonious relationships

Answer 18

- Some don't find authoritative finding as the best, others do - Some find positive outcomes linked w/ warmth + higher level of control

Answer 19

parenting is culturally situated - what is valued as "good" parenting differs - the relationship between parenting practices and outcomes may differ - and even within cultures, there may be a lot of variability

Answer 20

Within each cultural context, not all parents are thinking/behaving the same * if parents practices are congruent w/ others in their cultural context --> adaptive for children

Answer 21

Similarity: What might be particularly influential is in your context, are your parents doing what everyone else is doing? Comparison: If your parents are strict/demanding and the only ones who are doing so, that might not be so great Standards: If everyone's parents are strict, the standard might be different and thus what's considered good/bad is different Idealism: The more normative practices might be ideal

Answer 22

- When parents get along better, siblings get along better - When parents have better relationships with their kids, siblings get along better

Answer 23

Typically neither vertical or horizontal power structures § Not the vertical relationship that's seen with parents (parent --> child) § Not like the parallel relationship with peers (peer <--> peer) Marked by both warmth/support and conflict Non-voluntary § You don't get to choose your sibling Long lasting: you might fight, but they're not going anywhere § If you get into a fight, they're still gonna be there

Answer 24

- Warmth and support coupled with conflict - Devastating lack of inhibition: lack of inhibition in warmth, support, love, etc. ○ More than peers and friends, in many cases ○ BUT: they'll also fight, tease, and threaten more than friends do

Answer 25

- practice communication and social skills - models of behavior - context to try out new behaviors - can be opportunity for learning about another gender - promote individuality - buffer for peer refection, parent conflict, stressful experiences - conflict: destructive or constructive

Answer 26

seeing what older siblings do and imitating that behavior - Good to learn socialization - Can model/imitate less than ideal behavior - Deviancy training: if your older sibling is doing something deviant, a younger sibling might copy that

Answer 27

if your older sibling is doing something deviant, a younger sibling might copy that - seen in modeling

Answer 28

- Learning of behavior around gender roles - Learn about different genders in different contexts

Answer 29

many are interested in finding their own identity as separate from their siblings - When parents don’t treat siblings totally the same (ie have their own relationships with them), it's linked w/ better outcomes

Answer 30

- Being alone at school - Tension with parents - Tension between parents

Answer 31

High sibling affection = better outcome Low sibling affection = worse outcome

Answer 32

- In childhood, siblings on average engage in 7-8 disputes per hour ○ Tend to be short; average was 45 seconds - Siblings on the high end of the conflict spectrum is not good - Some conflict is good in siblings - it forces us to learn conflict resolution skills

Answer 33

age; age gaps; gender; disability; biological vs adopted vs step vs half siblings

Answer 34

- caregiver - buddy - casual/uninvolved - critical/conflictual/rival

Answer 35

closeness increases during adolescence, and then stabilizes

Answer 36

drop off during adolescence, then rises during later adolescence

Answer 37

one sibling serves as a quasi-parent for the other - more common w/ big age gap; more common if there's an older sister

Answer 38

both siblings like each other and try to be like each other - closeness; affinity; doing a lot of the modeling ○ Common when closer in age ○ In girl-girl relationships

Answer 39

siblings have little to do with each other - don't have a lot to do w/ each other; less involved But also: less fighting

Answer 40

one sibling tries to dominate the other - teasing & fighting - characterized by a lot of conflict, fighting, domination ○ Brother-brother relationships Less likely to be associated w/ the benefits of siblings (eg buffer of stress)

Answer 41

First: perfectionist; achiever; leader; bossy; controlling; cautious Middle: adaptable; independent; go-between; people please Last: social; charming; uncomplicated; manipulative; seeks attention Only child: confident; conscientious; responsible; center of attention

Answer 42

quite mixed, and the results are tiny - Birth order is unreliable on traits, etc. - Structures of sibling relationships seem to have much greater effects than birth order ○ Sibling relationship, parent relationship w/ children, age differences, gender make-ups, etc.

Answer 43

- higher self-esteem & do better in school HOWEVER: less popular, less peer acceptance ○ Only in NA

Answer 44

no difference in peer acceptance and peer relationships - They spend more time w their cousins - If you're an only child, you may get the function of cousins from extended family - When this research was done, the norm was to be an only child (due to one child policy)

Answer 45

primary bond: In NA, parent-child is the most central ○ Not always true everywhere time spent together: In Latin American families, siblings tend to spend more time together on average caregiving roles: siblings roles may differ w/ culture gender norms: how strictly we adhere to them ○ w/ more traditional gender norms: may be differences in mix gender sibling dynamics

Answer 46

In Canada: 10% of children live w/ their grandparents - More common in indigenous & immigrant families Most who live w/ grandparents also live w/ 2 parents

Answer 47

idea that women living past menopause is rare in animals - but humans do! - Anthropologists argue that one of the reasons we live past reproduction is because it might be adaptive as a species - Grandmothers may play an adaptive role in helping to support & protect their grandchildren - Why evolution selected for a longer grandparent life

Answer 48

Having a grandmother present in a family is correlated w/ a reduction of child mortality - Fewer children die in communities where there are grandparents present - May be simply due to having more hands around - Women, as we get older, tend to sleep less in the older morning ○ Very helpful in hunter-gatherer communities, where having someone awake that early may play a significant role in protection

Answer 49

Having grandparents present is correlated w/ emotional wellbeing - Seen in buffers against stress The closer kids are to their grandparents, the less likely that being in a single-parent or step-family is tied to depressive symptoms

Answer 50

- evolutionary --> useful for survival? - can boost emotional wellbeing - can serve as buffers in children growing up in risky contexts - but lots of variability: different roles

Answer 51

Influential: lots of contact w/ kids; play a parenting role, raising kids, authority figure Supportive: there, but not authority Passive: not around Authority-oriented: just with authority, but not w/ time or intimacy

Family Flashcards

Final Exam (75 cards)