Family and Households: Childhood

Question 1

Pilcher

Answer 1

most important feature of modern idea of childhood=separateness. child occupies separate status from adult e.g. law + entertainment

Question 2

Wagg

Answer 2

childhood is socially constructed-no 1 universal childhood west-children=vulnerable other cultures-don’t see difference between child + adult

Question 3

Benedict

Answer 3

children is simpler/non industrial societies=treated differently from west

Question 4

Shorter

Answer 4

high death rates encouraged indifference + neglect. refer to baby’s as it

Question 4

Punch

Answer 4

in rural Bolivia children take responsibility at early age. once 5 they are expected to take work responsibilities

Question 5

Holmes

Answer 5

study of Samoan village-too young was never given as a reason for child not to take part

Question 6

Benedict

Answer 6

non industrial cultures=less of a dividing line between behaviour expected of children + adults. shows childhood differs from culture to culture

Question 7

Firth

Answer 7

doing as you are told by a grown up is granted by child not a right expected by adult

Question 8

Malinowski

Answer 8

children sexual behaviour is viewed differently. Trobriand islanders-adults tolerate children sexual explorations

Question 9

Aries

Answer 9

in the middle ages the idea of childhood didn’t exist. once passed stage of dependency their needs=adults. children=mini adults, work at early age. face same punishments

Question 10

Aries

Answer 10

elements of modern childhood emerge from 13th century: school(educating the young),clothing(different to adult),handbooks on childrearing

Question 11

Pollock

Answer 11

in the middle ages society had different notion of childhood from today

Question 12

Opie

Answer 12

childhood is not disappearing. strong existence of separate children culture

Question 12

Postmann

Answer 12

childhood is disappearing at a dazzling speed. children given same rights as adults, similar clothing. telly blurs distinction between childhood + adult-destroys information hierarchy

Question 13

Jenks

Answer 13

divorce means child becomes source of adult identity + stability. more fearful of child’s security. reinforces view that children=vulnerable. greater surveillance + regulation

Question 14

Jenks

Answer 14

doesn’t believe childhood is disappearing but it is changing. agrees that childhood is creation of modern society. futurity- preparation to be productive adult

Question 15

De Mause

Answer 15

the further back you go iin history, the lower level of childcare

Question 16

Aries + Shorter

Answer 16

march of progress view. todays children=more valued, better cared for, educated, more rights, protected + better health

Question 17

Palmer

Answer 17

toxic childhood-rapid tech changes have damaged children physical emotional and intellectual development e.g. food + computer games

Question 18

Marxists + Feminists

Answer 18

society is based on a conflict between different social groups, classes + genders. domination + subordination. ignores inequality among and between children+ adults

Question 19

Bonke

Answer 19

girls do more domestic labour.in lone parent households=5x more housework than boys

Question 20

Hillman

Answer 20

boys=more likely to be allowed to go out unaccompanied in the dark

Question 21

Branen

Answer 21

Asian parents=more likely to be strict towards daughter

Question 22

Bhatti

Answer 22

Izzat(family honour)=restrictive towards behaviour of girls.

Question 23

Firestone + Holt

Answer 23

what march of progress see as protection they see as oppression and control. protection against work=making children dependant + powerless

Question 24

Cunningham

Answer 24

area in which 8 year olds can travel alone has shrunk to 1/9 of size 25 years ago

Question 25

Katz

Answer 25

rural Sudanese children roam freely within and several kilometres outside village

Question 26

Katz

Answer 26

Sudanese children were already engaged in productive work from the age of 3-4 years old

Question 27

Humphrey + Thiara

Answer 27

1/4 of 200 women left abusive partner because they feared for their child's life

Question 28

Hokey + James

Answer 28

evidence of oppressive childhood comes rom rejecting status of child-act up e.g. smoking, swearing, drinking. also exaggerate their age e.g. i'm nearly 9

Question 29

Mayall

Answer 29

adultist point of veiw-children seen as socialisation projects for adults to shape but have no interst in

Question 30

Mason + Tipper

Answer 30

children actively create their own definitions of who family is e.g. family friends.

Question 31

Smart

Answer 31

study of divorce-children actively tried to make situation better for everyone