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february week one Flashcards

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1
Q

4 ways the party became increasingly bureaucratic under lenin

A

nomenklatura/chistka
politburo, more power than soviets who had to be a party member to be a soviet
ban on factions
arrested 5000 mensheviks

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2
Q

what term shows the initial decrees were pragmatic

A

democratic centralism

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3
Q

ideological phrase of eradicating enemies of socialism/bolshevism

A

dictatorship of the proletariat

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4
Q

marx alternative to Lenin’s democratic centralism

A

power in the ‘hands of people’

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5
Q

3 points of the cult of lenin

A

eulogies & god like propaganda
Stalin embalmed his body
his brain cut up & given to diff scientific institutions across Russia to study his intelligence

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6
Q

2 reasons why Trotsky may be more well-known

A

previous PM
war time hero

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7
Q

statistic on okrana’s achievements under alexander iii

A

5000 exiled to Siberia

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8
Q

what events enraged liberals & radicals to turn to Russian-Marxism 3

A
  • unhappy w church controlling education
  • land captains
  • famine enraged, “autocracy isn’t working”
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9
Q

3 acts of opposition under alexander iii (not emancipation of labour)

A

radical uni students made bombs in st Petersburg uni
illegal trade unions set up
Marxist discussion circles grew

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10
Q

5 inequalities between children and adults with examples

A

neglect & abuse/dark side of the family
access to resources - economically dependent on parents
space - not allowed out on own, 86% - 25% walk to school alone 1971-2010.
time - daily routine, speed they grow up
bodies - piercings, don’t pick nose, clothes

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11
Q

3 western notions of childhood

A

increased separateness (clothes, dialects, interests)
physically and psychologically immature
need more care in increasingly complex society

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12
Q

3 continuities of nobles under nicholas ii

A

retained status
lost land 1% p.a 1863-1899
1000/1400 top jobs 1897 (some did still struggle financially with economic realignment)

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13
Q

2 common errors in peasant changes under nicholas ii

A

literacy rate 21% (1897) to 40% (1914)
divide between old and young expanded w new technology

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14
Q

1 common error in continuities of nicholas ii

A

the mir remained at the heart of the village

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15
Q

theorist who said dv arises when male power is compromised

A

dobash (2001)

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16
Q

yearnshire 1994

A

dv is the least reported crime; only after 35 incidents

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17
Q

theorist on material explanations of DV

A

Wilkinson and Pickett (1996)

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18
Q

what did parsons theorise on secularisation

A

structural differentiation, institutions have taken over religion eg the state, healthcare and education
become disengaged from religion

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19
Q

what did Bruce theorise on secularisation

A

social & cultural diversity
caused by industrial revolution uprooting society & finding new more specialised religions or moving completely as none in the city
eg methodism emerged to support working class

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20
Q

meter of the garden of love

A

iambic tetrameter with inversion on priests line

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21
Q

method in garden of love showing innocence

A

Polysyndetons

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22
Q

what biblical allusion does the garden of love make

A

edenic link

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23
Q

2 criticisms both the ruined maid and gatsby make of society (comparisons)

A

capitalism - daisy & emilia both unhappy
treatment of women in relationships - entrapment

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24
Q

two points on form in at an inn

A

mix of iambic trimeter and dimeter, not aligned, many barriers
half rhymes ‘care’ ‘were’ public only knows half the story

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25
context and hardy criticises society assuming they were in love in at an inn, what does he also underlyingly criticise
ao3: affair w florence henniker - likely criticising society for not approving of loving a married women
26
other non-suez crisis related issues with eden 2
anxious making decisions no knowledge on economic or domestic policies
27
3 eg's of conservative social reforms in domestic policies
clean air act 1956 people like butler made more liberal considerations wolfenden report, decriminalising homosexuality homicide act 1957 (capital punishment)
28
bevan's role before 1951 and action
heath minister 1945-51 gained support resigning over prescription charges
29
gaitskell's role before 1951 and action
chancellor 1950-51 he introduced prescription charges
30
what did resenters of bevans nuclear deterrent swtich do x2
voted away from labour joined CND
31
key reason why conservatives lost election (not economy, night of long knives, ill-health, edwardian)
profumo affair - profumo and kristine keeler having an affair, she was also sleeping with a soviet spy he lied in parliament about this then forced to resign in disgrace
32
3 reasons for collectivisation
control the peasantry who had most power over the economy utilise modern machinery on large land industrialise; sell grain
33
political consequences of the five-year plan 4
- shock-workers and specialist baiting - no longer attempting to control private industry - stakhanovism (2nd 5yp) & shakhty trial 1928 - labour decrees 1938-40 (6 day week; absenteeism 75% of pay 6months)
34
what ended in the second five year plan
food rationing
35
what didn't make expected progress in 2nd and 3rd five year plan
oil by the third plan in oil crisis
36
what did the housing act 1980 state
council house inhabitants could buy their house at 33-50% discount
37
how many were at the battle of orgreave
5000 miners 8000 police
38
what were the worries environmentally in 1980s 2
chernobyl 1986 and bhopal 1984 CFC's found causing holes in ozone layer
39
consequence of miners strikes and closures 2
200,000 -> 60,000 coal miners 1979-90 1/3 drop in trade union membership
40
why did Britain successfully manage to enter the EEC in 1973? (not Heath related)
de Gaulle no longer pm now Pompidou who believed the eec needed Britain
41
2 internal negatives of joining the eec in 1973
conservatives not all keen, Enoch Powell refused to stand in 1974, told supporters to vote labour some thought britain was surrendering its sovereignty
42
why was the referendum on eec called why was it a relief for wilson when done
Labour Party divided on the issue the dispute would be over & Britain’s was really ‘in’
43
2 reasons the Yes campaign won 68%
brought leaders together e.g. Thorpe, Jenkins, Heath many businessmen supported
44
eg of disputes with Heath & kissinger
Heath refused to led the usa use Britain’s for missile bases in the Yom Kippur war
45
name the Bulgarian defect
markov
46
what signified relations with china would improve
Nixon announced 1971 a ‘thawing of relations’
47
what happened to industry in wc & nep
wc - nationalised nep - controlled commanding heights
48
2 negs I forget of NEP
ural Siberian method in 1928 poor wages and housing remained
49
what did they Call the labour discipline in war communism
militarisation of labour
50
drew 1995
individualistic regimes - sweden, uk women can work familialistic regimes greece, traditional gender roles
51
policies since 2008/2010 coalition
austerity cut in public services, women have to do more rely on market not state attitude
52
fletcher 1966 - policy
ind rev has brought healthcare education has improved eg can now use 111 or nhs online
53
2 theorists on family policy
drew 1995 fletcher 1966
54
family policies introduced under the conservative government 1979-97 (3)
- section 28: banned the promotion of homosexuality in schools - 1988 divorce act: made divorce easier - gave illegitimate children the same rights as those born to married parents
55
family policies introduced under new labour government 1997-2010 (4)
- civil partnership 2004 - overturned section 28 - longer maternity leave - the right to seek time off work for family reasons
56
family policies introduced under the coalition & conservatives 2010- 3
2022 - no fault divorce 2014 - gay marriage 2013 - universal credit (less generous benefits)
57
criticism of the feminist view on social policy
not all policies maintain patriarchy eg. sex discrimination act 1975, equal pay act 1970, marital rape offence 1991 etc.
58
birth rate stats
28.7 - 1900 12.2 - 2014
59
4 bp for declining birth rate
improved female position child centeredness economic liability declining infant mortality rate
60
4 bp consequences of declining fertility
changes to family eg more equal policies shift to older gens 'vanishing kids' (fewer voices speaking up for kids interests) dependency ratio - less dependant, but will have less wc
61
bp for reasons for increased death rate 6
improved nutrition improved healthcare knowledge less infectious diseases smoking and diet public health measures (milk, sewage, clean air act) other social changes (miners, small families, less infection)
62
stat on class differences and life expectancy
life exp is 7 years lower in wc areas eg armley is 11 yrs lower than bramhope
63
3 bp of effects of the ageing population
dependency ratio one-person pensioner households public policies
64
hunt 2005 and how has society reduced ageism
in pms can choose our own lifestyle/identity regardless of age eg kids dress like adults later marriages early marriages old become a market for a range of body maintenance; gym memberships, anti-ageing products - breaks down ageist stereotypes and allows identities to be rewritten
65
policies needed for the ageing population 3
ways to finance for longer periods of time need to encourage to trade down house sizes cultural changes: old age is a social fact, definition needs updating
66
statistic on migration recently
2000-2013 33% increase in uk
67
4 points causing the feminisation of migration
increase in service jobs western women in prof jobs, opens up to migrants men still unwilling to do domestic labour inadequate state childcare
68
a key negative for peasants from emancipation (common error)
still under the mir's control
69
statistic on uni's under alexander ii
4,000 - 16,000 attended 1865-1899
70
negatives 2 of edu reform
fees in secondary school so many peasants didn't attend many uni groups criticised autocracy
71
"the lights grew brighter...
the lights grew brighter, voices pitched higher
72
i wasn't actually in ...
i wasn't actually in love but i felt a sort of tender curiosity
73
analyse "a fresh, green breast of the new world"
- uses the image of a nurturing breast in relation to the discovery by Europeans of the American continent. - An earlier image of a breast depicts young Gatsby sucking on the path of the world as he built his mansion here and began a new life - But when Myrtle Wilson is run down and killed, her left breast is described, with no symbolic association at all, as a mangled feature of her lifeless body.
74
"one of my most vivid memories" & other related quotes ...
the real snow...we'd draw deep breaths...the thrilling returning trains of my youth - cocoonism
75
what does tom and daisy's home show 2
reinforces class permanence and european aristocracy
76
push further on the rose & green light symbol in tgg
Roses typically symbolise love, so its grotesqueness = his love was an illusion. Gatsby’s green light is artificial, just like the Dream itself.
77
economic consequence of the sterling crisis 1966
value of pound dropped 14%
78
when and why did frank cousins resign
1966 to protest against a law freezing incomes and prices
79
what is one of the acts signifying the beginning of the troubles
civil rights march 1968 catholics protested against police brutality attacked by loyalists led by ian paisley
80
another fact on houses 1951-64 not 300,000 etc
more home-owning but still dominated by council houses
81
stat on tv ownership 1957-59
grew 32%
82
3 more things on rising living standards/impact of affluence and consumerism
1958 motorways eg preston bypass & m1 bbc light programmes on war horrors food rationing ended
83
stats on which social groups voted for who 1950s
65% wc - labour 80% mc - conservatives
84
5 points hindering establishment
angry young men literary rebels suez crisis rise of cnd scandals eg profumo 'satire boom' of tv shows and shows eg look back in anger by john osborne
85
4 laws and 1 policy impacting women in 50s
family allowance ensured women didn't have to work equal pay for teachers 1952 civil servant 1954 life peerage act 1958 birth control 1961
86
stats on amount of immigrants and emigrants 1950s
1.25 mil coming to uk 1.92 leaving uk
87
when were notting hill riots
1958
88
oswald mosleys relationship to notting hill riots
used in 1959 to try stand for union movement candidate and repatriate afro-carribeans there
89
specific eg of moral attitudes and tensions relaxing
along with bbc light prog, victim 1961 first time 'homosexual' said on tv
90
stat on amount of youths 50s
1959, 10% of population were teenagers
91
literature terminology used to explain the movement of ‘remember’ in the poem describe the form in the second half & it’s impact
begins imperative, even ‘only remember’ after the Volta it is epistemic with fronted adverbials showing distance created sestet isn’t nostalgic, now uncomfortable showing forgetting
92
what period was Rossetti writing in
romanticism -> realism movement
93
structural feature of la belle dame sans (not poetic form or meter)
internal rhymes of ‘paley’ & ‘ail thee’ cries for help & suffering
94
what is desdemona's hamartia
she is too trusting of men
95
ideology following desdemona's religious depiction
madonna-whore dichotomy angelic or fallen women, no inbetween
96
alternative feminist view of desdemonas responsibility for her death
Radical feminists would argue Desdemona's passivity is conditioned by society, while liberal feminists might see her as naïve but not entirely powerless.
97
when did kinnock succeed against militant tendency
1986
98
consequence of hillsborough agreement what did the agreement actually say
gave irish government an advisory role in northern ireland fierce loyalist and unionist backlash rally in belfast 200,000 wuth paisley (loyalist) addressing the crowds calling the IRA terrorists
99
key action land and liberty did and when
Killed head of third section 1878
100
how was opposition encouraged by aii reforms
radical & liberals said it failed to meet expectations emancipation was a ‘betrayal of the peasantry’ causing 1000+ revolts

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