history russia 23rd may Flashcards
(28 cards)
examples of high stalinism causing change in 1945-53 5
- party congress rarely called before and never from 1939-1952
- politburo became an advisory body, stalin ruled informally, they rarely met
- the party lost autonomy, became a bureaucratic structure
eg commisariats were turned into ministries again like tsarism - party grew and more conformist members
- stalin named generalissimo
positive impacts of witte’s great spurt (+post slump recovery) 3
10th largest city in world
railways trans sib and 50,000
6%
concessions alexander made towards ethnic minorities post 1866 + PR’63
finnish diet allowed
latvians and lutherans allowed to readopt their religion in 1864 + 1875
poles got better emancipation terms
list points of the new party programme 1961 (4)
- communist party now ‘party of the people’; not dictatorship of the proletariat
- more accountable to membership with limits on terms served in office
- communist society would be complete by 1980
- will have overtaken USA in per capita production
describe the outer region agricultural success under AIII
- outside central regions, the mir was less of a barrier to change
- more fertile regions from pastureland and meadows
- potatoes increased 43% 1880-1913 as more could grow
strengths of the NEP 3
- by 1922, there was food back in cities; healthy trade in other goods & shops reopened
- industrial output increased rapidly: 1921, producing 2004 million roubles worth of goods and in 1926, 11,000+
- private traders (nepmen) were chief agents in reviving the economy. bought produce from villages -> towns and sold items/tools to peasants at markets. by 1923 they handled around 3/4 of retail trade
weaknesses of the NEP (involving peasants) 4
- scissor crisis 1923: (declining grain prices and increasing manuf. good prices) peasants were reluctant to supply grain as prices were so low
- mid 1920s, trotsky and ‘left opp’ wanted to more rapid industrialisation, not NEP as ind. goods still in short supply. tried to get more grain out of peasants but couldn’t reach pre-war levels and not fund tech needed for industrial expansion
- grain crisis 1927-1928, 1/4 less than 1926 amount. peasants realised they were better off using grain to feed animals as meat prices were rising & no point having surplus as cons goods in short supply
- 1928, stalin sent officials to seize grain and arrest hoarding suspects. (urals-siberian method) gov and peasant relationship broke down
weaknesses of the NEP (involving workers) 5
- workers objected the power of single managers & bourgeois specialists used throughout NEP
- first 2 years, unemployment rose steeply due to cutting workforce to make a profit & many women pushed out of their jobs
- in 1927, 20,100 strikes in this year alone and some called the NEP ‘new exploit. of proletariat’
- wages remained low until 1926
- housing still major issue, poor-quality, overcrowded, mounting crime
describe target mania
which plan was it it
1st five year plan
the vesenka and gosplan tried to outbid each other with targets
seemed hopeless and unachievable
2 points on Russification - consequences under Nicholas II
- 1/4 left russia
- many oppositional individuals moved like martov and Trotsky
aside from polish operation what else did stalin do to ethnic minorities (1928-41)
National sweeps, ethnic cleansing
state procurement continued during the ukraine famine
Who carried out the red terror
Cheka
Who carried out the red terror
Cheka
what year did khrushchev deal with the APG
june 1957
what is stalins birth city
t’blitsi
describe the law on network of informers under khrushchev (maintaining from L+S too)
maintained the network
1957 parasite law - had inform on any elits, lazy people, vagrants or people taking from society
statistic on the successes of sovnakozes
AND what word describes how sovnakozes were made
agricultural produce increased 75% 1953-58.
amalgamated
4 changes and 1 continuity of culture under lenin
changes:
- mayakovsky 8000 communist slogans
- agitprop trains + cinema
- initially reversed tsarist censorship
continuities:
- by NEP they had tightened control
5 basic points of stalin’s cultural revolution
industry and agriculture
art
komsomol
education
religion
5 basic points on the great retreat
women
youth
national minorities
class
art
what increased 56-90 million tonnes and when
agricultural output
under nicholas ii
4 changes shuvalov made in 1866
vetted appointments
sacked liberal ministers
enforced censorship
increased rule by decree (enforcing laws without legislative approval, usually in emergency)
examples of stalin NOT being in a personal dictatorship 1928-41 (3)
- ryutin affair threatened his power criticising his power
- kirov’s support in leningrad more than stalin was a moderate faction.
his decision to jail not kill ryutin was favoured - dizzy with success 1930 aimed to bring over-zealous party members back in line
