Feed additives Flashcards
What are animal feed additives?
a broad term commonly applied for diet-enhancing products, especially manufactured for livestock
What are some of the reasons for wanting to add feed additives into the diet?
Increased immunity, resolution of digestive issues and weak bone structure, improving the appetite and strengthening of pregnant animals, to deliver specific nutrients that are low or absent in the diet
What are the three points that grab the attention of many animal health manufacturers?
medicated, protein, and minerals
What are the most common forms of additives that are at the top of vet medicine?
nutritional feed additives, antibiotic feed additives, antioxidant additives
Feed additives are _____ components of animal ration and are used for improving the quality/digestibility of feed and the nutritive and aesthetic quality of feed or improving animal performance and health
minor
What do pre and probiotics do?
improve animal gut health
what do enzymes do?
Aim at enhancing digestibility or availability of bound nutrients
what do antioxidants do?
improve food product quality
additives are added to reduce _____________ and promote _____________________
nutrient loss; environmental protection
________ are commonly added to monogastric diets to reduce antinutritional effects of the feed
exogenous enzymes
What are the two major antinutrients present in feed?
Phytate phosphorus and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP- plant cell wall components)
What is the most common exogenous enzyme used in monogastrics?
Microbial phytase
50-80% of PO4 is present as _____ and is/is not available to monogastric animals
Phytic acid, is not
What does phytase do?
Reduce antinutritional effect of phytate, improve digestibility of PO4, calcium, amino acids, and energy, reduce the negative impact of inorganic PO4 excretion to the environment
the efficacy of exogenous phytase enzymes is affected by:
feed (source of enzymes, solubility, particle size) and animal (gut pH, retention time)
What are high levels of NSP correlated with?
reduced growth and performance
specifically, increased digesta viscosity, decreased digesta mixing and digestibility, and delayed transit of digesta through the intestinal tract, which leads to pathogenic bacterial overgrowth
_____________ are enzymes targeted to act on complex carbohydrates (NSPs) and sugars, which are known to enhance nutritive value of cereal byproducts in ___________ and ___________
carbohydrases; pigs and poultry
the efficacy of enzymes depends on the solubility of the ______ and the complex nature of the ________
NSP and CHO
CHO-degrading enzymes act on __________ and degrade them to smaller polymers and are used in _______ animal diets high in ________
complex CHOs, monogastric, NSP (wheat, barley, rye)
Pre/Probiotic definition
Organisms and/or substances that contribute to the healthy microbial balance in the intestine, including living and non-living substances
Promoting favorable gut microflora is important especially when _____
antibiotic growth promoters are phased out from animal feeds
Probiotics help prevent and control __________ and healthy microbial populations enhance ________________
GI pathogens, animal performance, digestion, and immunity
What are probiotics?
What are prebiotics?
- Probiotics are live microorganisms that are of bacterial and nonbacterial origin (yeast and fungi)
- Prebiotics are non-digestible functional ingredients that selectively stimulate the growth of favorable bacteria in the gut of the host (food for good microbes)
