Water

Question 1

What is the greatest factor that affects water intake?

Answer 1

ambient temperature

Question 2

What biological factors affect the water requirements of animals?

Answer 2

species, age, breed, sex, productivity, and body weight

Question 3

What is the classification of water?

Answer 3

macronutrient

Question 4

What are the three sources of water?

Answer 4

drinking, metabolic, and moisture (feed)

Question 5

What is the sole source of water in desert and hibernating animals?

Answer 5

metabolic

Question 6

What is the main source of water in marine animals?

Answer 6

feed water

Question 7

Water makes up ______ of the body mass of adult animals and more than ________ of the body mass of newborn animals

Answer 7

1/2-2/3, 90%

Question 8

Inside the body, water is a _______ solvent

Answer 8

universal

Question 9

What are the functions of water in animals?

Answer 9

Movement of nutrients and metabolites, homeostasis, medium for chemical reactions, part of chemical reactions, shape of cells, cushion for organs and tissue cells, enhance digestion, excretion of waste products, acid-base balance

Question 10

oxidation of _______ creates the greatest amount of metabolic water

Answer 10

fat

Question 11

What animal greatly depends on water derived from green forages in their water intake?

Answer 11

sheep

Question 12

most commercial diets fed to nonruminant animals contains _____ moisture

Answer 12

7-10%

Question 13

Where is daily water lost?

Answer 13

urine, feces, sweat, saliva, respiration, milk (lactating animals)

Question 14

Where is the greatest daily water loss?

Answer 14

urine

Question 15

Urinary water loss depends on ______ and _________

Answer 15

weather and type of food

Question 16

Consumption of excess water during _______ can increase water volume

Answer 16

heat stress

Question 17

animals consuming ________ fiber excrete more water in their feces

Answer 17

high

Question 18

Loss of water in dogs and chickens through sweating is low due to ________-. They compensate for heat loss by __________ and __________

Answer 18

poorly developed sweat glands; panting and drinking more water

Question 19

water intake depends on:

Answer 19

ambient temperature, energy level, physiological state, and health

Question 20

High ________, _________, and ________ diets increase water intake

Answer 20

energy, fat, protein

Question 21

high salt and fiber in diets ________ water consumption

Answer 21

increase

Question 22

young animals have ________ water requirements per body size when comparing body size

Answer 22

higher

Question 23

sheep and poultry need lower levels than ______ due to their ability to conserve water

Answer 23

cattle

Question 24

pregnancy and lactation ________ water intake

Answer 24

increase

Question 25

What can water restriction lead to?

Answer 25

reduction in feed intake and productivity

Question 26

Dehydration leads to:

Answer 26

reduction in body weight; consequences are worse in higher environmental temperatures

Question 27

Dehydration is accompanied by:

Answer 27

loss of electrolytes, increase in body temperature, and increase in respiratory rate

Question 28

Water toxicity may occur as a result of sudden ingestion of large amounts of water after a ______ period of deprivation and is due to the slow adaption of the ________ to the high water load

Answer 28

short;kidneys

Question 29

Water toxicity is most common in animals that are __________ or have __________

Answer 29

swimming and gulping water; been limited to water and start drinking freely

Question 30

What does water quality affect?

Answer 30

consumption, productivity, palatability, and animal health

Question 31

Contamination of water with _____ is common in farming intensive areas; toxicity can cause death from _______

Answer 31

nitrates; anoxia

Question 32

pesticides and blue-green ______ can be toxic

Answer 32

algae

Question 33

iron salts can rust pipes and cause _________________

Answer 33

bacterial contamination

Question 34

water can affect the development of ____________, a noninfectious disease affecting the brain of feedlot cattle

Answer 34

polioencephalomalacia

Question 35

water high in _____ promotes polioencephalomalacia

Answer 35

sulfates