Feeding And Digestion

Question 1

An animal diet provides…

Answer 1

Chemical energy
Organic building blocks

Question 2

Four classes of essential nutrients

Answer 2

Essential amino acids
Essential fatty acids
Vitamins
Minerals

Question 3

Essential amino acids

Answer 3

Animals can make about half of the 20 needed amino acids
Protiens in animals provide all amino acids - complete protiens
Most plants don’t have all amino acids - incomplete

Question 4

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 4

Animals can make most fatty acids
Fatty acid deficiencies are rare
The Fatty acid profile of an animals tissue can tell about their diet

Question 5

Vitamins

Answer 5

Organic molecules needed in very small amounts

2 kinds - Fat-soluble and water-soluble

Question 6

Fat soluble and water soluble vitamins

Answer 6

Water - B,C

Fat - A,D,E,K

Question 7

Minerals

Answer 7

Inorganic nutrients usually needed in small amounts
Diverse functions
Large amount of some minerals can cause homeostatic imbalance

Question 8

Malnutrition

Answer 8

An unbalance in critical nutrients, too much or too little

Question 9

Undernutrition

Answer 9

Shortage of essential nutrients or caloric intake

Question 10

Deficiencies in essential nutrients can cause… and how do animals avoid?

Answer 10

Deformities, disease and death

Herbivores may lick salts or concentrated minerals
Carnivores may switch prey

Question 11

Deficiencies in energy intake can cause…

Answer 11

Body uses up stored fats and carbohydrates then moves onto protiens

Question 12

Main stages of food processing

Answer 12

Mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, nutrients absorption, excretion

Question 13

Feeding strategies

Answer 13

Suspension/filter feeders
Sunstrate feeders
Fluid feeders
Bulk feeders

Question 14

Intracellular vs Extracellular digestion

Answer 14

Intra - I’m cells, phagocytosis

Extra - outside cells, in intestine for example

Question 15

Digestive track with two openings

Answer 15

Alimentary canal

Question 16

Food is pushed by

Answer 16

Peristalsis

Question 17

Muscles that control food movement

Answer 17

Sphincters

Question 18

Crop

Answer 18

Before stomach, storage

Question 19

Gizzard

Answer 19

After stomach, used to grind food

Question 20

Shark’s plan that helps increase surface area

Answer 20

Spiral valve

Question 21

Organs attached to small intestine

Answer 21

Liver, pancreas, gallbladder

Question 22

Liver

Answer 22

Makes bile, emulsifiers help digestion and absorption of fats

Question 23

Pancreas

Answer 23

Produces protease trypsin and chymotripsin
Solution neutralizes acidic chyme

Question 24

Gallbladder

Answer 24

Stores bile

Question 25

Human digestive track

Answer 25

Mouth (with salivary glands), pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus

Question 26

Chewed up ball of food

Answer 26

Bolus

Question 27

Salivary amylase

Answer 27

In saliva (unsurprisingly), breaks down glucose

Question 28

Stomach lining cells

Answer 28

Mucous cells Chief cells - secretes pepsinogen (inactive pepsin) Parietal cells - release gastric juices (hydrocloric acid)

Question 29

Microvili are on the ______ cells

Answer 29

Epithelial cells

Question 30

Something at the start of the large intestine that helps ferment plant material

Answer 30

Cecum

Question 31

Chemical digestion: Carbohydrates

Answer 31

Salivary amylase (mouth) Pancreatic amylase (small intestine)

Question 32

Chemical digestion: protien

Answer 32

Pepsin (stomach) Pancreatic trypsin and chymotripsin Some enzymes from epithelium (Small intestine)

Question 33

Chemical digestion: Fat

Answer 33

Pancreatic Lipase

Question 34

Main hormones in hormonal control of digestion

Answer 34

Gastrin Secretin CCK

Question 35

Hormonal control: food enters stomach

Answer 35

Stomach expands and simulates gastrin, gastrin simulates gastric juices excretion

Question 36

Hormonal control: Food enters small intestine

Answer 36

Duodenum responds to amino acids and fatty acids and realses CKK and Secretin. CCK stimulates pancreas for enzymes and gallbladder for bile. Secretin stimulates bicarbonate to neutralize chyme.

Question 37

Hormonal control: Fatty foods enters small intestine

Answer 37

Inhibits CCK and secretin to slow down stomach

Question 38

Teeth, front to back

Answer 38

Incisors, canines, premolars, molars

Question 39

Carnivore vs herbivore digestion system differences

Answer 39

Carnivores have a larger stomach Herbivores have a larger cecum

Question 40

What digests Cellulose?

Answer 40

Microorganisms, *not* enzymes!

Question 41

Coprophagy

Answer 41

Eating own excrements

Question 42

Ruminants

Answer 42

Herbivores like cow that re-chew food

Question 43

Cow for chamber order

Answer 43

Rumen (Cellulose digestion) Reticulum Omasum Abomasum (acidic stomach)

Question 44

First part of the small intestine

Answer 44

Duodenum

Question 45

Alimentary canals. Earth worms vs. Grasshopper vs. Birds

Answer 45

Earthworms: Crop and gizzard but no stomach Grasshopper: Crop and gastric cecae but no gizzard or stomach Bird: Crop, stomach and gizzard

Question 46

How does stomach acid digest?

Answer 46

Denatures protiens, making Peptide bonds more avaliable to breakq