Nervous System

Question 1

Glial cells do what?

Answer 1

Help nourish, insulate, and replenish neurons

Question 2

Gap between neurons

Answer 2

Synapse/
Synaptic cleft

Question 3

Nerve nets, and who has?

Answer 3

System of neurons, not the most complex.
Cnidarians.

Question 4

Nerves are

Answer 4

Bundles made of axons from multiple nerve cells

Question 5

Cephalization

Answer 5

Clustering of sensory organs and nerves at the front (a head end) with one or more nerve cords extending to the back

Question 6

What animals have simple neuron systems and who has more complex systems?

Answer 6

Simple- Sessile, slow moving, class
Complex- Predators, octopi and squids

Question 7

Central nervous system vs peripheral system

Answer 7

Brain and spine (process info) vs basically everything else (carry and carry out info)

Question 8

Central canal and ventricles

Answer 8

Central canal - spine

Ventricles - brain

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 9

Fluid in brain and spine. Cushions brain and spine and provides nutrients and removes waste

Question 10

Gray matter vs white matter

Answer 10

Gray - cell bodies, dendrites, unmylenated axons
White - mylenated axons (transport)

Question 11

Forebrain functions

Answer 11

Olfactory input, regulation of sleep, complex processes and learning

Question 12

Midbrain

Answer 12

Routes sensory input and information

Question 13

Hindbrain functions

Answer 13

Involuntary actions and motor activities

Question 14

Afferent neurons

Answer 14

Sensory neurons, incoming info

Question 15

Interneurons

Answer 15

Process info

Question 16

Efferent neurons

Answer 16

Motor neurons, act out info

Question 17

Motor system bs autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

Motor - Skeletal muscles, voluntary

Autonomic - Smooth and Cardiac muscles, involuntary, “Automatic”

Question 18

Sensory transduction

Answer 18

Stimuli energy is converted to change membrane potential

Question 19

Chemoreceptors

Answer 19

Transmit info about the solute concentration of so something
Responds to individual kinds of molecules

Question 20

Electromagnetic receptors

Answer 20

Detect light, electricity, magnetism
Used by many animals for migration

Photoreceptors are light specific

Question 21

Thermoreceptors

Answer 21

Heat or cold
Helps signal internal and external temps

Question 22

Pain receptors

Answer 22

Detect harmful stimuli

Question 23

Membrane potential

Answer 23

The difference in electrical charge across a plasma membrane

Question 24

Resting potential is..

Answer 24

Approx -70mV

Question 25

Where are molecules st resting potential

Answer 25

Potassium (K+) in, Calcium (Ca2+) or Sodium (Na+) out

Question 26

Gated ion channels

Answer 26

Convert signals into electrical potential

Question 27

Voltage gated channels

Answer 27

Open/close due to a change in membrane potential

Question 28

Ligan-gated channels

Answer 28

Chemical. Responds to the correct neurotransmitter

Question 29

Hyperpolarization vs Depolarization

Answer 29

Gap in charge bigger vs gap in charge smaller

Question 30

Action potentials happen when

Answer 30

Enough ion channels open for the membrane potential to pass a threshold

Question 31

Which glial cells mylenate axons I’m the CNS vs PNS?

Answer 31

CNS - Oligodendrocytes
PNS - Schwann