Domain Bacteria And Archaea

Question 1

Special uses of a Prokaryotes cell wall

Answer 1

Maintain cell shape, protect cell, prevent bursting from hypotonic environment

Question 2

Only ______ cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Answer 2

Bacterial

Question 3

Archaeal cell walls contain…

Answer 3

Various polysaccharides and protiens.
Not peptidoglycan

Question 4

2 types of bacterial cells

Answer 4

Gram-positive, gram-negative

Question 5

Gram-positive

Answer 5

A bacterial cell with simple cell walls and a lot of peptidoglycan

Question 6

Gram-negative

Answer 6

A bacterial cell with less peptidoglycan, more complex walls, outer membrane made from lipopolysaccharides

Question 7

If the sticky layer on the outside of a Prokaryotes is dense and well-defined, it is called a…

Answer 7

Caspid

Question 8

If the sticky layer on the outside of a Prokaryotes is less well organized it is called…

Answer 8

A slime layer

Question 9

Hair-like structures some prokaryotes may use to stick to others

Answer 9

Fimbriae

Question 10

A structure made from Prokaryotes to lay dormant during harsh conditions

Answer 10

Endospore

Question 11

Taxis

Answer 11

Directed movement towards or away a stimulus, half of all Prokaryotes can do this.

Question 12

Small rings of independently replicating DNA in a Prokaryote

Answer 12

Plasmids

Question 13

3 key features of Prokaryotes

Answer 13

Small, binary fission, short generation times

Question 14

Organisms that only need CO2 I’m some from as a carbon

Answer 14

Autotrophs

Question 15

Organisms that require at least one organic nutrient to make organic compounds

Answer 15

Heterotrophs

Question 16

Faculative anaerobes

Answer 16

Uses O2 if avaliable, but has backup options

Question 17

Photoautotroph
(Energy source, Carbon source, types of organism)

Answer 17

Light

CO², HCO³-, or related compounds

Photosynthetic Prokaryotes; plants: some protists (eg. Algae)

Question 18

Chemoautotroph
(Energy source, Carbon source, types of organism)

Answer 18

Inorganic chemicals

CO2, HCO3-

Certain Prokaryotes

Question 19

Photoheterotrophs
(Energy source, Carbon source, types of organism)

Answer 19

Light

Organic compounds

Unique to some aquatic and salt-loving Prokaryotes

Question 20

Chemoheterotroph
(Energy source, Carbon source, types of organism)

Answer 20

Organic compounds

Organic compounds

Many Prokaryotes, most animals and fungi

Question 21

Unique organizm features in Archaea

Answer 21

Extremophiles (Extreme haplophiles and thermophiles)
Methanogens

Question 22

Extreme halophiles

Answer 22

Loves high saline (salty) environments. Salt lakes.
Some tolerate salt, some require it

Question 23

Methanogens

Answer 23

Archaea
Release methane as a by-product
Live in swamps/marshes and guts of animals
Strict anaerobes (poisoned by O2)

Question 24

Extreme thermophiles

Answer 24

Love hot environments
Hot springs, sulfur springs, sometimes deep sea vents
Like 60-80°, max is 120°

Question 25

Who is a part of Chemical Cycling

Answer 25

Decomposers (chemoheterotrophic Prokaryotes): break down dead organic matter

Autotrophic Prokaryotes: Use CO2 to make organic compounds. Cyanobacteria make atmosphere O2

Nitrogen-fixing Prokaryotes: add usable nitrogen to environment.

Question 26

Symbiosis types

Answer 26

Mutualism: Both sides happy :3
Commensalism: One side happy, other isn’t hurt or helped
Paratisism: One happy, other hurt (parasite may eat host cells, tissue, fluids)

Question 27

A parasite that causes a disease is known as a… and fact about them

Answer 27

Pathogen
Cause about half of all human diseases.

Question 28

Pathogens cause disease with…

Answer 28

Exotoxins and endotoxins

Question 29

Human uses of Prokaryotes

Answer 29

Bioremediation: Use them to remove pollutants
Food and drinks - milk to cheese
Research and technology
Medical application

Question 30

What organisms are capable of nitrogen-fixation?

Answer 30

Some cyanobacteria and some methanogens (Prokaryotes)