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Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 > Feeding (Week 6) > Flashcards

Feeding (Week 6) Flashcards

1
Q

3 parasympathetic nerves involved in feeding

A
  1. vagus (CN X)
  2. Trigeminal (CN V)
  3. Glosspharyngeal (CN IX)
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2
Q

How does stress affect the parasympathetc NS? (4)

A
  • sympathetic NS turns on
  • increases HR, RR, BP
  • decreases taste receptors
  • makes swallowing difficult
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3
Q

What will some kids do if they have lack of sensation in their mouth?

A

put too much food in their mouth

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4
Q

Problems w/oral motor control could be due to: (5)

A
  • abnormal tone
  • postural or respiratory compromise
  • GI concerns
  • lack of sensation
  • lack of practice
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5
Q

Causes of feeding disorders can be (3 broad terms)

A
  • physiological
  • developmental
  • behavioral
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6
Q

What is suckle and when should it develop?

A
  • anterior/posterior wave-like tongue motion

- 12-14 weeks GA

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7
Q

why do premature babies have feeding difficulties?

A
  • the suck swallow reflex begins at 28 weeks but is not fully coordinated 32-34 weeks GA
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8
Q

non-nutritive pacifiers help coordinate which reflex

A

suck-swallow-breath

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9
Q

T/F

Need jaw stability before tongue motility

A

True

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10
Q

What is an up/down motion with more dissociation b/w tongue and jaw? When does it start?

A
  • suck

- 4-6 months (can start eating solid foods)

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11
Q

If kids have trouble crossing midline which feeding development will they struggle with most likely?

A

grind and chew

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12
Q

Why does swallowing require less throat control in kids vs. adults?

A

kids larynx and hyoid are higher

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13
Q

What mvmt requires a rotary component, starts at 9 months, and matures around 2 yrs old?

A

grind and chew

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14
Q

What mvmt appears around 6 months, uses more lateralization of tongue, and uses a bite and release of jaw?

A

munch

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15
Q

If baby does not have suck-swallow-breath what might occur?

A

gag aspiration

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16
Q

4 phases of degluitition

A
  1. oral preparatory
  2. oral propulsive
  3. pharyngeal
  4. esophageal
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17
Q

If individual has negative feeding experience which phase might they not get past?

A

pre-oral phase

- this is the anticipatory phase before oral prepartory

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18
Q

What phase of deglutition is when tongue moves bolus toward oropharynx?

A
  1. oral propulsive phase
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19
Q

What phase of degluition is when the bolus forms, taste, manipulation, and mastication occurs?

A
  1. oral preparatory
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20
Q

What phase of degluition moves the bolus from pharynx to esophagus?

A
  1. pharyngeal
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21
Q

What phase of degluition is when peristalsis occurs, LES relaxes and bolus enters stomach?

A
  1. esophageal
22
Q

What is velum? If there is an issue w/valve what happens?

A
  • soft palate

- Issues with this will get food up your nose

23
Q

An issue w/this valve will cause aspiration (food into larynx).

A

oropharyngeal

24
Q

Problems w/these 2 valves can cause reflux

A

LES

UES

25
Q

What structure has dual function as a route for air and the bolus?

A

pharynx

26
Q

6 ways a kid differs from an adult anatomically w/respect to feeding pathway.

A
  1. larger tongue
  2. smaller oral cavity
  3. more retracted jaw
  4. hyoid and larynx higher
  5. trachea more pliable and narrow
  6. eustachian tubes more horizontal (prone to ear infections)
27
Q

T/F

If hips and pelvis are off center it does not affect the position of shoulders, neck, and jaw.

A

False

-alignment/posture is very important for feeding

28
Q

What comes first, sensory aversion or behavior?

A
  • aversion

- probably had trouble in pre oral phase

29
Q

5 causes of sensory aversion

A
  1. orally defensive (physical)
  2. hypersensitive (physical)
  3. sensory processing concerns on other body areas (physical)
  4. hyperactive gag reflex (neurological)
  5. associate food w/pain and discomfort (emotional)
30
Q

Major impact of sensory aversion

A

may interfere w/growth and development

31
Q

dysfunction w/any stage in the process of eating

A

dysphagia

32
Q

8 immature and atypical oral patterns

A
  1. maintain suckle
  2. nipple compression vs. suction
  3. jaw thrusting
  4. tongue thrust
  5. tonic bit reflex
  6. lip retraction
  7. tongue retraction
  8. nasal regurgitation
33
Q

atypical oral pattern usually due to a problem of tone when not brining lips forward to collect food

A

lip retraction

34
Q

Is tongue retraction due to high or low tone?

A
  • either one

- cannot control tongue or neck

35
Q

Why does nasal regurgitation occur?

A

the soft palate/velum is not functioning properly

36
Q

30-80% kids w/developmental delays also have this problem with eating

A

pediatric dysphagia

37
Q

What stage has greatest chance of aspiration occuring?

A

pharyngeal stage

38
Q

What do these signs indicate?

  • arching
  • pocketing food
  • weight loss
  • taking long time to eat
  • drooling
  • frequent respiratory infections and congestion
  • breathing difficulties during eating
A

pediatric dysphagia

39
Q

What is the breathing swallowing pattern of adults?

A

exhale-swallow-exhale bc larynx descended vs infant

40
Q

What is the breathing swallowing pattern of infants?

A

typically swallow when they inhale

41
Q

3 aspiration gate keepers

A
  1. epiglottis
  2. arytenoid cartilage
  3. vocal folds
42
Q

What is it called when secretions (saliva, liquid, food) enter the airway and potentially the lungs in a kid?

A

pediatric aspirations

43
Q

splits or openings in the lip or palate that occur very early in pregnancy

A

cleft

44
Q

Clefts interfere with (4)

A
  • Sealing the oral cavity
  • Ability to produce negative pressure
  • Creating a bolus
  • coordination of swallowing and breathing
45
Q

Congenital disorder where the esophagus ends in a pouch instead of connection to the stomach

A

Esophageal Atresia

46
Q

Congenital or acquired abnormality where the esophagus connects to the trachea

A

Tracheoesophageal Fistule

47
Q
  • Backflow of stomach acid into esophagus

- Immature LES

A

GERD

48
Q

4 signs of failure to thrive

A
  1. <20% below weight
  2. delayed milestones
  3. constipation
  4. less eye contact and engagement
49
Q

Delivers liquid nutrients through a tube directly into GI tract

A

Enteral Tube Feeding

50
Q

Major types of enteral tube feed (2)

A
  1. NG tube

2. G tube (more intense and long term)

Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 (17 decks)

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