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Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 > Sensory Systems and Impairments (Week 7) > Flashcards

Sensory Systems and Impairments (Week 7) Flashcards

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1
Q

A child with tactile defensiveness carried out but withdrawal and aviodance behaviors and emotional outburtst may have an issue with?

A

Hypersensitive (sensory dysfunction)

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2
Q

What kind of therapy will be used with kids who have hypersensitivity

A

desensitization

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3
Q

what is graphethesia?

A

being able to decipher a letter when drawn in the hand

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4
Q

What is stereognosis?

A

being able to distinguish objects by touch

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5
Q

What is baragnosia

A

being able to distinguish the weight of an object

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6
Q

What is the 2 point discrimination test?

A

when 2 fingers are touched at different points on the body and you are able to distinguish where they were located

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7
Q

A child who under-registers sensory stimuli and has poor impulse control and inattention as a result may have an issue known as?

A

Hyposensitivity

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8
Q

What are 2 assessment tools used for determining sensory tactile dysfunction?

A
  1. sensory integration and praxis test

2. touch inventory for elementary school aged children

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9
Q

This is the sensory organ for hearing?

A

organ of corti (in the cochlea)

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10
Q

This system/part of the ear is responsible for balance and spatial orientation

A

Vestibular system

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11
Q

The fluid inside this structure is for detecting rate or movement and change

A

semicircular canals

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12
Q

This structure is connected to the semicircular canals and detects direction and speed?

A

Otolithic organs

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13
Q

This nerve is important in sending hearing and vestibular information to the brain

A

Vestibular N (CN VII)

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14
Q

Vestibular dysfunctions occur when there is damage to which part of the ear (outer, middle, or inner)?

A

inner

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15
Q

This cluster of symptoms is common is vestibular dysfunction

A 
dizziness and nausea
headaches
poor spatial relations
nystagmus
poor coordination and balance
trouble in dark areas
delays in development/reflex
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16
Q

What is the vestibular ocular reflex?

A

eyes stabilize with movement

eyes move opposite of the head

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17
Q

What 3 structures have to be intact for the vestibular ocular reflex to work properly?

A

CN 3
CN 4
CN 6

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18
Q

When does the vestibular ocular reflex show up normally in infants?

A

2 mo (latest 3-4 mo)

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19
Q

What is childhood paroxysmal vertigo?

A

vertigo in kids

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20
Q

What is the most common vestilbular condition associated with dizziness?

A

childhood paroxysmal vertigo

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21
Q

If a child experiences childhood paroxysmal vertigo, what are they more likely to acquire later in life?

A

Vertigo

Migraines

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22
Q

What are 2 potential causes of childhood paroxysmal vertigo?

A
  1. abnormal vestibular cerebellar pathway

2. issue with vestibular nuclei in brainstem

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23
Q

What two diagnostic tests are done to determine that childhood paroxysmal vertigo is not structural?

A
  1. MRI

2. Brain Scan

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24
Q

What is 2 intervention tools are common with childhood paroxysmal vertigo?

A
  1. medications

2. vestibular rehab therapy (VRT)

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25
Where does the peripheral auditory system begin and end?
starts @ external ear | ends @ auditory nerve
26
2 parts of the external ear
auditory canal | auricle
27
3 parts of the middle ear?
tympanic membrane ossicles eustachian tubes
28
what are the 3 ossicles of the middle ear?
malleus incus stapes
29
Function of the eustachian tubes?
connect the ear and the nasopharynx
30
Where is the oval window located?
between the middle and inner ear
31
2 parts of the inner ear?
cochlea | vestibular system
32
What deficit would be seen if there was a dysfunction in the auditory pathway?
can hear music but cannot decipher what is being said | issue with interpreting language
33
where is the primary auditory cortex located
superior temporal gyrus
34
What 6 structures make up the primary auditory pathway?
``` Organ of corti Cochlear N Cochlear Nuclei Inferior colliculi Medial Geniculate Body Primary Auditory Cortex ```
35
This lobe is primarily involved in communication and memory?
temporal lobe
36
This area of the brain is important with receptive language?
Wernickes Area
37
This area of the brain is important for memory and auditory learning?
hippocampus
38
This area of the brain is important for sensory processing, emotions, and fight or flight?
amygdala
39
When in gestation is the auditory system functional but still needs fine tuning?
25-26 weeks
40
When in gestation is the auditory system fine tuned?
28-30 weeks
41
When in gestation is the cochlea and all the organs formed but not all connected
20 weeks GA
42
When in gestation can babies begin to distinguish different emotions in speech and music?
34-38 weeks
43
What is an important factor for babies of 0-3 months in learning auditory memory/patterns?
REM sleep
44
At what age do babies start moving in their eyes in the direction of music?
4-6 mo
45
At what age do babies start to recognize tone in voice and pay attention to music?
4-6 mo
46
At what age to babies start moving their head in the direction of music?
7-1 yr
47
At what age do babies start responding to directions and gesturing?
7mo-1yr
48
What type of dysfunction occurs from temporary build of ear wax or middle ear infections?
Conductive hearing loss
49
What is sensorineural hearing loss?
permanent hearing loss involving the cochlea
50
What is permanent conductive hearing loss
permanent hearing loss due to a malformation of the middle or external ear
51
What are neural hearing disorders?
normal outer ear but abnormal inner ear or cochlear nerve
52
At what Hz level does hearing loss become profound?
>90 Hz
53
At what Hz level can it become detrimental in a pre-verbal child and cause permanent language and emotional delays later in life?
26-40 Hz
54
T/F Prematurity is a big risk factor for hearing impairment
True
55
A child who has difficulty hearing sounds at a distance, difficulty with soft frequency sounds, and may miss some conversational speech may have what kind of hearing dysfunction?
Mild bilateral loss
56
A child who has difficulty hearing conversational speech (such as a whisper), may have a learning disability, and may have an amplification system may have what kind of hearing dysfunction?
Moderate, Moderate to severe, or severe hearing loss
57
What are the 4 interventions/therapies for an individual with hearing loss
Early intervention auditory oral educational methods language learning skills english oriented sign system
58
What are 2 types of amplification systems for people with hearing loss?
Hearing Aides | Assisted listening devices
59
What are 2 unique members that make up the team for hearing dysfunctions?
Audiologist | SLP
60
This is a prosthetic that electrically stimulates the cochlea and auditory nerve directly?
cochlear implant
61
This type of disorder is characterized by difficulty in attending, analyzing, storing, recalling, or drawing conclusions from auditory information?
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
62
When are auditory processing disorders (APD) usually diagnosed?
7-8 yrs (when they begin school)
63
what are 3 interventions for auditory processing disorders (APD)
environmental changes recruit higher order skills for compensating build auditory skills
64
When age can babies start to use sign language?
6-8 mo
65
T/F: Hearing and IQ are impaired with Auditory Processing Disorders (APD)?
False
66
Rods vs. Cones in the eye?
Rods- black and white; light changes | Cones- color
67
6 structures involved in the visual pathway
``` Optic Nerve (CN II) Optic Chiasm Optic Tract LGB (thalamus) Optic Radiation Occipital Lobe ```
68
Central vision vs. peripheral vision
central-acuity | peripheral-awareness
69
6 muscles of the eye
``` lateral rectus medial rectus superior rectus inferior rectus superior oblique inferior oblique ```
70
Pursuit tracking vs. saccades tracking
pursuit-smooth movements | saccades-being able to move from one object to another
71
This visual perceptual skill allows us to realize distinct features
visual discrimination
72
This visual perceptual skill allows us to recall what is seen
visual memory
73
This visual perceptual skill allows us to understand position and our need to know right from left?
visual spatial
74
This visual perceptual skill allows us to know depths and little figures
figure ground
75
This visual perceptual skill allows us to make I-Spy and Where's Waldo books
figure ground
76
This visual perceptual skill allows us to recognize different forms, shapes, and orientations of objects
form constancy
77
When do eyes begin to form and when are they done forming?
4 weeks; 15 weeks GA
78
T/F premature babies have a big issue with vasculature of the eyes?
True; the vasculature takes until birth to develop
79
When does the retina fully develop?
3-4 Weeks after birth
80
When does depth perception occur in infants?>
9-12 mo
81
Which occurs first head or visual control?
head control
82
What is hemianopia?
Optic N. deficit | no vision in one eye
83
What is Heteronymous Hemianopia?
Optic Chiasm deficit | No peripheral vision
84
What is Right Homonymous Hemianopia?
Optic tract deficit | VF deficit
85
What is right superior homonymous quadratic anopia?
quadrant deficit
86
What is macular sparing?
central vision only
87
How are visual field deficits diagnosed?
opthalmologist or neuro-opthalmologist
88
An individual with excessive tearing, light sensitivity, and large cloudy corneas may have
glaucoma
89
An individual with cloudiness of the lens which may lead to a lazy eye
Cataracts
90
Myopia:
nearsightedness | image focuses before it hits the back of the eye
91
Hyperopia:
farsighted | image focuses after the back of the eye
92
Anisometropia:
one eye is myopic and one is hyperopic
93
Missshaped cornea?
Astigmatism
94
Drooping eyelid due to levator issues?
Ptosis
95
Poor visual development at the cortical level and insufficient sensory input can be symptoms of:
Amblyopia
96
What impairment is characterized by the misalignment due to differences in muscle teaming causing the eyes to look in different directions
Strabismus
97
Esotropia vs. Exotropia
Eso- inside | Exo- outside
98
5 Potential causes of cortical visual impairments?
``` malformations hydrocephalus stroke seizure impaired O2 or blood supply ```
99
Responding to light and dark more than faces, looking at things at close range/odd angles, preferring moving objects, and poor visual attention/delayed response are possible implications of what disorder?
cortical visual impairment
100
These types of abnormalities are seen in the retinal vascular development?
retinopathy of prematurity
101
Abnormal eye movements, strabismus, severe myopia, leukocoria are characteristic of what disorder?
retinopathy of prematurity
102
4 possible treatments for retinopathy of prematurity?
laser cryotherapy sclera buckle vitrectomy

Fall 2014: Clinical Conditions 1 (17 decks)

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