Feline and Miscellaneous conditions- eye stuff

Question 1

Describe the presenting signs of eosinophilic keratitis

Answer 1

“Cottage cheese deposits”: white to pale pink elevated spots on cornea – may coalesce into a raised plaque

Question 2

Describe the presenting signs of corneal sequestrum

Answer 2

Varies from amber corneal discolouration to dark brown plaque

Question 3

Describe the presenting signs of Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM)

Answer 3

Hyperpigmented iris spot(s), usually progressing to diffuse hyperpigmentation of whole iris +/- abnormalities in pupil shape +/- uveitis/glaucoma

Question 4

Describe the aetiology of Eosinophilic keratitis

Answer 4

Immune-mediated, possible connection with FHV-1

Question 5

Describe the diagnosis of Eosinophilic keratitis

Answer 5

Clinical appearance/cytology: mixed cellular infiltrate

Question 6

describe how to treat Eosinophilic keratitis

Answer 6

Topical corticosteroid (or ciclosporin) successful in most cases
Treatment may induce reactivation of latent FHV-1 infection

Question 7

Describe the aetiology of Corneal sequestrum

Answer 7

Cause remains unknown, chronic irritation may predispose e.g. brachycephalic conformation, entropion, grid keratotomy

Question 8

Describe how to diagnose Corneal sequestrum

Answer 8

Characterisitc clinical appearance

Question 9

Describe how to treat Corneal sequestrum

Answer 9

Ideally keratectomy +/- graft placement (may require referral); sometimes lesions will slough over time

Question 10

Describe how to diagnose Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM)

Answer 10

Suspect from clinical appearance
Histopathology for definitive diagnosis

Question 11

describe how to treat Feline diffuse iris melanoma (FDIM)

Answer 11

Enucleation with histopathology if high index of suspicion
Guarded prognosis due to significant risk of metastasis

Question 12

List 4 signs that can suggest FDIM

Answer 12

Pigmented spots with raised surface
Pupil abnormalities – anisocoria, dyscoria
Progression of hyperpigmentation
Secondary uveitis/glaucoma

Question 13

When should we enucleate

Answer 13

If masses growing rapidly
cells in anterior chamber
secondary glaucoma
infiltrating drainage angle

Question 14

Describe the appearance of iris melanoma in the dog

Answer 14

Usually a discrete, focal pigmented mass

Question 15

describe the treatment of iris melanoma in a dog

Answer 15

Monitoring/enucleation if painful/worrying owner

Question 16

Describe the clinical signs of Horners syndrome

Answer 16

myosis
third eyelid protrusion
narrow palpebral fissure
(enopthalmos)

Question 17

List the 3 most common neuro diseases that affect the eye

Answer 17

Horner’s syndrome
Facial paralysis
neurogenic KCS

Question 18

Describe neurogenic KCS

Answer 18

Nerve affected: parasympathetic
Unilateral
Dry ipsilateral nostril common
May see secondary to otitis media

Question 19

what is cherry eye

Answer 19

prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid (Nicittans gland)

Question 20

What is chronic superficial keratitis/ pannus characterised by

Answer 20

Cellular infiltrate into cornea with vascularisation
+/- pigment deposition
+/- lipid deposition

Question 21

Describe how to diagnose chronic superficial keratitis/ pannus

Answer 21

clinical appearance +/- cytology (lymphoplasmacytic inflammation)

Question 22

Describe how to treat chronic superficial keratitis / pannus

Answer 22

topical corticosteroid and/or ciclosporin

Question 23

if a cats iris is changing colour, what should we be suspicious of

Answer 23

FDIM

Question 24

Describe how to test for Horner’s syndrome

Answer 24

phenylephrine test - phenylephrine drops to the eye (within an hour, the eye will look normal)

Question 25

what nerves does the palpebral reflex test

Answer 25

CN 7 and CN 5

Question 26

How can you identify a iris cyst

Answer 26

if you shake the head the cyst will move around

Question 27

Describe how to treat cherry eye

Answer 27

surgery to replace the prolapsed gland

Question 28

how does scrolled third eyelid occur

Answer 28

the cartilage grows too quickly and the whole eyelid turns out

Question 29

what can cause a blue corneal opacity

Answer 29

oedema

Question 30

what can cause a red corneal opacity

Answer 30

vascularisation

Question 31

what can cause a brown/black corneal opacity

Answer 31

pigmentation

Question 32

what can cause a white corneal opacity

Answer 32

fibrosis cellular infiltration lipid calcium