Feline viral infectious disease

Question 1

Is feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) an enveloped or non-enveloped virus? Which means it lasts for a long/short time in the environment.

Answer 1

Non-enveloped, long time and as a FOMITE!

Question 2

Which receptors does FPV (and CPV) use to enter the cells? Which stage of mitosis do they target?

Answer 2

Transferrin receptors

S-phase

Question 3

Which cells does the FPV virus target in particular?

Answer 3

Rapidly dividing, intestinal crypt cells (same as CPV)

Question 4

Later infection of the queen and up to 1 week of age in the neonates can lead to which targeting of which types of cells? (FPV)

Answer 4

Purkinje cells of the cerebellum - cerebellar hypoplasia

Question 5

Can ocular disease occur from FPV?

Answer 5

Yes, retinal folding, dysplasia, and degeneration

Question 6

What is the most common CBC abnormality in cats with FPV?

Answer 6

Panleukopenia (duh), typically due to neutropenia and lymphopenia

Question 7

Besides leukopenia, what other 2 findings may be seen on CBC (54% and 48% respectively) in cats with FPV

Answer 7

Thrombocytopenia, anemia

Question 8

What is the gold standard diagnostic for FPV serology?

Answer 8

Hemagglutination inhibition. It measures the ability of the serum to prevent agglutination of erythrocytes by the virus

Question 9

What test could be used as a POC test for cats suspected to have FPV? In general, what is the specificity and sensitivity of using these tests?

Answer 9

Canine ELISA. High specificity (low amount of false positives), low sensitivity (high amount of false negatives). Therefore, if positive, it is likely truly positive.

Question 10

Cats with FPV that survive past ____ days of treatment usually recover.

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Is there a vaccines for FPV?

Answer 11

Yes, both an inactivated and attenuated live vaccine.

Question 12

What is the most common reason for vaccine failure?

Answer 12

Maternal antibodies

Question 13

How long do maternal antibodies tend to last?

Answer 13

Up until about 12 weeks of age

Question 14

Are corona viruses enveloped or non-enveloped

Answer 14

Enveloped

Question 15

At what age range are cats when they develop FIP

Answer 15

3months - 3 years, but also > 10 years

Question 16

What type of cat is more susceptible to FIP?

Answer 16

Pure breed

Question 17

What kind of inflammatory response is seen in cats with FIP?

Answer 17

Pyogranulomatous vasculitis

Question 18

Replication of the FCoV occurs where?

Answer 18

Tips of intestinal villi

Question 19

What are 2 clinical signs associated with FCoV?

Answer 19

Small bowel diarrhea, UR Signs

Question 20

In what type of cell does VIRULENT FCoV replicate?

Answer 20

Macrophage

Question 21

Cats who mount a partial cell-mediated immune response to FIP typically develop which form of FIP?

Answer 21

Dry

Question 22

What organs tend to be effected by dry FIP?

Answer 22

Brain, lymph nodes, liver, eye, ileocecal wall thickening

Question 23

Cats who do not mount an immune response to FIP develop which form of FIP?

Answer 23

Wet (effusive)

Question 24

What kind of fluid is typically found in cats with effusive FIP

Answer 24

High protein exudate (low cellular)

Question 25

FIP is responsible for what percentage of cats with pericardial effusion?

Answer 25

10% (the third most common cause)

Question 26

How could FIP cause a protein losing nephropathy in a cat?

Answer 26

Immune-mediated glomerulonephritis

Question 27

How is definitive diagnosis made for FIP?

Answer 27

IHC for FCoV antigen within pyogranulomatous lesions

Question 28

What is a common chemistry finding in cats with FIP

Answer 28

Hyperglobulinemia (POLYCLONAL)

Question 29

An A/G ratio of ____ is not consistent with a diagnosis of FIP

Answer 29

0.8

Question 30

What is the name of the bedside test used to try to test for FIP using acetic acid and distilled water?

Answer 30

Rivalta test

Question 31

What genus does FIV belong to?

Answer 31

Lentivirus

Question 32

Which cell does FIV primarily target?

Answer 32

CD4+ T cells

Question 33

Where is FIV mostly shed and what is the most common mode of transmission?

Answer 33

Saliva, bites

Question 34

Are male or female cats more likely to be infected with FIV?

Answer 34

Male

Question 35

What are the 3 phases of FIV?

Answer 35

Acute, subclinical, and terminal

Question 36

At how many weeks after infection is there a first peak in viremia in cats with FIV? What happens to the circulating T cells?

Answer 36

8-12 weeks Decline

Question 37

In the subclinical phase of FIV, what happens to the number of circulating CD4+ T cells? What happens to the plasma virus load?

Answer 37

They rebound and start to return. The virus load declines to low levels

Question 38

Can FIV cause neurological disease?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

What are the clinical signs associated with during the terminal phase of FIV?

Answer 39

opportunistic infections

Question 40

What clinical sign is commonly seen in cats with terminal phase FIV

Answer 40

Stomatitis

Question 41

FIP can cause lymphoma, which type of lymphoma is most commonly see with FIV?

Answer 41

B cell

Question 42

What is the most common abnormality seen on chemistry in cats with FIV?

Answer 42

Hyperproteinemia

Question 43

What is the initial assay of choice for diagnosis of, and screening for, FIV?

Answer 43

ELISA that detects FIV antibody

Question 44

Can FIV vaccine interfere with making a diagnosis of FIV?

Answer 44

Yes

Question 45

Which infection develops more rapidly and is more pathogenic? FIV or FeLV?

Answer 45

FeLV

Question 46

What is considered the critical step in FeLV infection and almost always leads to severe disease?

Answer 46

Infection of the bone marrow

Question 47

There are 4 types of FeLV infection routes that could occur in a cat, what are they?

Answer 47

Abortive infection - no viremia, negative on all tests Regressive infection - proviral DNA present, but bone marrow not affected due to proper immune response Focal infection - evidence of proviral DNA in some tissues but not on blood or bone marrow Progressive infection - bone marrow involvement and viral replication

Question 48

In an abortive FeLV infection, what will all the microbiological tests be?

Answer 48

Negative ELISA, negative IFA, negative PCR

Question 49

In a focal FeLV infection, what will the microbiological tests be?

Answer 49

Antigen negative, Blood PCR negative, tissue proviral PCR positive

Question 50

In a regressive infection of FeLV, what will the tests be?

Answer 50

Antigen tests negative, proviral PCR positive (proviral DNA is within the cat's DNA)

Question 51

In a progressive FeLV infection, what will the tests show?

Answer 51

Positive antigen test, positive PCR test

Question 52

The most common type of neoplasia in cats infected with FeLV are? (2)

Answer 52

Lymphoma and leukemia

Question 53

Cats infected with FeLV are more than ____ times likely to develop lymphoma.

Answer 53

60

Question 54

What type of lymphoma is mostly seen in FeLV?

Answer 54

T-cell (as opposed to FIV which is B-cell)

Question 55

Approximately 80% of cats with _____ (location) lymphoma will test positive for FeLV

Answer 55

thymic

Question 56

Are FeLV associated leukemias chronic or acute?

Answer 56

Acute (FeLV is typically not a good differential for CLL)

Question 57

A cat develops multifocal, locally invasive, ulcerated cutaneous masses that metastasize readily to the lungs. You find out the cat has Feline sarcoma virus (FeSV). This cat will also test positive for which viral disease?

Answer 57

FeLV

Question 58

90% of anemia's caused by FeLV are? (regenerative or non-regenerative)

Answer 58

Non-regenerative (bone marrow suppression). Can even lead to aplastic anemia

Question 59

What is the initial choice for detection of FeLV?

Answer 59

ELISA (antigen testing)

Question 60

If you have a positive ELISA for FeLV, you should confirm your diagnosis with which test?

Answer 60

IFA of blood or bone marrow

Question 61

All at risks cats should be vaccinated for FeLV, though they do not provide 100% protection. What does the vaccine significantly reduce the chance of occuring?

Answer 61

Progressive infection

Question 62

Dendritic corneal ulcers are pathognomonic for infection with which feline virus?

Answer 62

Herpes (FHV-1)

Question 63

Erosive or ulcerative lesions of the nasal planum, tongue, lips, and conjunctiva are most strongly associated with which feline virus?

Answer 63

Feline calicivirus