Tick borne diseases

Question 1

What are the two types of ehrlichia seen in dogs?

Answer 1

Canis, ewingii

Question 2

What is the primary vector of e. canis?

Answer 2

Rhicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

Question 3

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis is from which type of ehrlichia? Which tick is the main vector?

Answer 3

CME is from e. canis and the vector is Rhicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)

Question 4

________ mechanisms are important in the pathogenesis of e. canis

Answer 4

immune-mediated

Question 5

The presence of which organ may contribute to disease severity in dogs with e. canis?

Answer 5

Spleen

Question 6

What are common findings on CBC in a dog infected with e. canis, which occur approximately 1-4 weeks after infection.

Answer 6

Thrombocytopenia, non-regenerative anemia, leukopenia.

Question 7

What chemistry abnormalities may be seen in a dog with e. canis which may be misinterpreted as leukemia.

Answer 7

Hyperglobulinemia. These can be polyclonal or monoclonal

Question 8

What is considered the gold standard test for e. canis?

Answer 8

Indirect IFA (looks for antibodies)

Question 9

What is the recommended treatment for e. canis?

Answer 9

Doxycycline 10mg/kg SID x 28 days

Question 10

Finding morulae in monocytes would indicate which type of infection?

Answer 10

Ehrlichia - does not differentiate between canis or chaffeenis

Question 11

Can e. canis cause CNS disease?

Answer 11

Yes, pathologically it is typically a non-suppurative meningoencephalitis

Question 12

Topical ectoparasites against ticks (5)

Answer 12

amitraz, fipronil, pyrethroids, selamectin, isoxazoline

Question 13

What is the primary tick vector for e. ewingii? Where is it distrubted?

Answer 13

Ambylomma americanum, South-central/south east US

Question 14

Which cells are targeted by e. ewingii?

Answer 14

Neutrophils

Question 15

Where is one potential site of infection for e. ewingii in dogs? What would the primary inflammatory cell be?

Answer 15

Joints. Can cause a neutrophilic polyarthopathy

Question 16

Can e. ewingii cause a thrombocytopenia?

Answer 16

Yes

Question 17

Does the 4DX distinguish between e. canis and e. ewingii?

Answer 17

No, there can also be cross-reactivity with e. chaffeenis

Question 18

Can e. canis cause a proteinuria?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What are the two types of anaplasmosis?

Answer 19

phagocytophilia, platys

Question 20

What is the primary vector of a. phagocytophila?

Answer 20

Ixodes scapularis and pacificus

Question 21

What is probably the vector for a. platys?

Answer 21

Rhicephalus sanguineus

Question 22

Where do ixodes scapularis tend to live?

Answer 22

Northeastern and upper midwestern states

Question 23

Where does ixodes pacificus tend to live?

Answer 23

West coast

Question 24

Co-infection with _____ is common with a. phagocytophilum because the vector is the same, which is?

Answer 24

Borrelia burgdorferi (lyme), ixodes

Question 25

How long much a tick be attached before it can transmit a. phagocytophlium?

Answer 25

36-48 hours

Question 26

Which cell does a. phagocytophilum target?

Answer 26

Neutrophil

Question 27

What is a major PE finding in dogs with a. phagocytophilum?

Answer 27

Fever

Question 28

Because positive IgG titers can be reflect previous exposure to a. phagocytophilum, convalescent testing should be performed. How high should the Ab titers increase to indicate a current infection?

Answer 28

4x

Question 29

Which test would confirm an active infection in a dog with a mid-range positive anaplasmosis Ab titer?

Answer 29

PCR

Question 30

What is the treatment for anaplasmosis?

Answer 30

Doxycylcline for at least 2 weeks

Question 31

What cell does a. platys target specifically?

Answer 31

Platelets

Question 32

What is the cause of canine cyclic thrombocytopenia?

Answer 32

A. platys

Question 33

What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

Answer 33

Rickettsia rickettsii

Question 34

What are the 3 primary vectors of RMSF?

Answer 34

Dermacentor occidentalis (pacific coast), dermacentor variabilis (North west), dermacentor andersoni (midwest to east coast)

Question 35

Because the RMSF bacteria focuses on endothelia cells, what is the characteristic clinical sign associated with this disease?

Answer 35

Disseminated vasculitis

Question 36

When testing for RMSF, which titers should be elevated to more confidently suggest a positive?

Answer 36

IgG and IgM

Question 37

How do you treat RMSF?

Answer 37

Doxycycline, 7 days should be enough

Question 38

What are the two vectors for Borrelia burgdorferi?

Answer 38

Ixodes scapularis, ixodes pacificus

Question 39

Can lyme cause a polyarthritis?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

Can lyme cause thrombocytopenia?

Answer 40

Yes

Question 41

What type of lyme associated disease typically has a poor prognosis even with treatment

Answer 41

Lyme nephritis

Question 42

What part of the kidney is effected with lyme nephritis?

Answer 42

Glomerulonephropathy

Question 43

Are dogs with lyme nephritis typically older or younger

Answer 43

Typically younger

Question 44

What are the advantages of testing lyme via the C6 ELISA? (2)

Answer 44

It detects IgG antibodies early (3-5 weeks post infection) No cross-over with the vaccine