Female Genitalia

Question 1

This is a normal finding in many women and usually occurs after vaginal birth or when the woman takes oral contraceptives. The columnar epithelium from within the endocervical canal is everted and appears as a deep red, rough ring around the cervical os, surrounded by the normal pink color of the cervix.

Answer 1

Cervical Eversion

Question 2

are small (less than 1 cm), yellow, translucent nodules on the cervical surface. Normal odorless and nonirritating secretions may be present on pink, healthy tissue.

Answer 2

Nabothian (retention) cysts

Question 3

Nabothian cysts may occur when the everted columnar epithelium spontaneously transforms into squamous epithelium, a process called

Answer 3

squamous metaplasia

Question 4

Vaginal birth may cause trauma to the cervix and produce tears or lacerations.

Answer 4

unilateral transverse laceration

Question 5

This is the most typical position of the uterus. The cervix is pointed posteriorly, and the body of the uterus is at the level of the pubis over the bladder.

Answer 5

Anteverted

Question 6

The cervix is pointed slightly more anteriorly (compared with the anteverted position), and the body of the uterus is positioned more posteriorly than the anteverted position, midway between the bladder and the rectum.

Answer 6

midposition

Question 7

is a normal variation that consists of the uterine body flexed anteriorly in relation to the cervix.

Answer 7

anteflexed

Question 8

is a normal variation that consists of the cervix and body of the uterus tilting backward.

Answer 8

retroverted uterus

Question 9

is a normal variation that consists of the uterine body being flexed posteriorly in relation to the cervix.

Answer 9

retroflexed uterus

Question 10

often first appear on the perianal area as silvery white papules that become superficial red ulcers.

Answer 10

syphilitic chancre

Question 11

caused by the human papilloma virus (HPV), are moist, fleshy lesions on the labia and within the vestibule. They are painless and believed to be sexually transmitted.

Answer 11

Genital Warts

Question 12

The initial outbreak of herpes may have many small, painful ulcers with erythematous base

Answer 12

Genital Herpes Simplex

Question 13

is a bulging in the anterior vaginal wall caused by thickening of the pelvic musculature.

Answer 13

cystocele

Question 14

is a bulging in the posterior vaginal wall caused by weakening of the pelvic musculature.

Answer 14

rectocele

Question 15

occurs when the uterus protrudes into the vagina.

Answer 15

uterine prolapse

Question 16

How would you grade if the uterus bulges outside of vaginal openings?

Answer 16

second-degree prolapse

Question 17

typically develops in the endocervical canal and may protrude visibly at the cervical os. It is soft, red, and rather fragile.

Answer 17

cervical polyp

Question 18

This condition differs from cervical eversion in that normal tissue around the external os is inflamed and eroded, appearing reddened and rough.

Answer 18

cervical erosion

Question 19

This condition produces a mucopurulent yellowish discharge from the external os. It usually indicates infection with Chlamydia or gonorrhea

Answer 19

mucopurulent cervicitis

Question 20

This type of vaginal infection is caused by a protozoan organism and is usually sexually transmitted. The discharge is typically yellow-green, frothy, and foul smelling.

Answer 20

trichomonas vaginitis

Question 21

occurs after menopause when estrogen production is low. The discharge produced may be bloodtinged and is usually minimal.

Answer 21

atrophic vaginitis

Question 22

This infection is caused by the overgrowth of yeast in the vagina. It causes a thick, white, cheesy discharge.

Answer 22

candida vaginitis (moniliasis)

Question 23

The discharge is thin and gray-white, has a positive amine (fishy smell), and coats the vaginal walls and ectocervix. The labia and vaginal walls usually appear normal and pH is greater than 4.5

Answer 23

bacterial vaginosis

Question 24

When is the uterine enlargement normal?

Answer 24

pregnancy

Question 25

They are irregular, firm nodules that are continuous with the uterine surface. They may occur as one or many and may grow quite large. The uterus will be irregularly enlarged, firm, and mobile.

Answer 25

uterine fibroids (myomas)

Question 26

The uterus may be enlarged with a malignant mass. Irregular bleeding, bleeding between periods, or postmenopausal bleeding may be the first sign of a problem.

Answer 26

uterine cancer

Question 27

the uterus is fixed and tender. Growths of endometrial tissue are usually present throughout the pelvic area and may be felt as firm, nodular masses. Pelvic pain and irregular bleeding are common.

Answer 27

endometriosis

Question 28

is typically caused by infection of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis) or fallopian tubes and ovaries (salpingo-oophoritis) with an STI (i.e., gonorrhea, Chlamydia). It causes extremely tender and painful bilateral adnexal masses (positive Chandelier’s sign).

Answer 28

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Question 29

are benign masses on the ovary. They are usually smooth, mobile, round, compressible, and nontender

Answer 29

ovarian cyst

Question 30

occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the fallopian tube and begins developing instead of continuing its journey to the uterus for development.

Answer 30

ectopic pregnancy