Skin

Question 1

is seen in arterial insufficiency, decreased blood supply, and anemia. Pallid tones vary from pale to ashen without underlying pink.

Answer 1

Pallor

Question 2

may cause white skin to appear blue-tinged, especially in the perioral, nail bed, and conjunctival areas. Dark skin may appear blue, dull, and lifeless in the same areas.

Answer 2

cyanosis

Question 3

results from a cardiopulmonary problem. It affects areas such as the lips and tongue

Answer 3

central cyanosis

Question 4

may be a local problem resulting from vasoconstriction. It affects the areas such as the hand, feet and nails.

Answer 4

peripheral cyanosis

Question 5

in light- and darkskinned people is characterized by yellow skin tones, from pale to pumpkin, particularly in the sclera, oral mucosa, palms, and soles.

Answer 5

jaundice

Question 6

is roughening and darkening of skin in localized areas, especially the posterior neck

Answer 6

acanthosis nigricans

Question 7

is seen in inflammation, allergic reactions, or trauma.

Answer 7

erythema

Question 8

refers to how easily the skin can be pinched.

Answer 8

mobility

Question 9

refers to the skin’s elasticity and how quickly the skin returns to its original shape after being pinched.

Answer 9

turgor

Question 10

Pustules with hair loss in patches are seen in

Answer 10

tinea capitis

Question 11

may result from infections of the scalp, discoid or systemic lupus erythematosus, and some types of chemotherapy.

Answer 11

patchy hair loss

Question 12

is a characteristic of Cushing’s disease and results from an imbalance of adrenal hormones or it may be a side effect of steroids

Answer 12

hirsutism

Question 13

may be present with iron deficiency anemia in nails

Answer 13

spoon nails (concave)

Question 14

is also common in psoriasis (nails)

Answer 14

Pitted nails

Question 15

indicates local infection.

Answer 15

paronychia

Question 16

flat, small macules of pigment that appear following sun exposure.

Answer 16

freckles

Question 17

depigmentation of the skin.

Answer 17

vitiligo

Question 18

sometimes called stretch marks

Answer 18

striae

Question 19

a warty or crusty pigmented lesion.

Answer 19

seborrheic keratosis

Question 20

a flat or raised tan/ brownish marking up to 6 mm wide.

Answer 20

mole or nevus

Question 21

raised papule with a depressed center.

Answer 21

cutaneous tag

Question 22

small raised spots (1–5 mm wide) typically seen with aging.

Answer 22

cherry angiomas

Question 23

Intact skin with nonblanchable redness of a localized area usually over a bony prominence. Darkly pigmented skin may not have visible blanching; its color may differ from the surrounding area.

What stage of pressure ulcer?

Answer 23

Stage 1

Question 24

Partial thickness loss of dermis presenting as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed, without slough. May also present as an intact or open/ruptured, serumf illed blister.

What stage of pressure ulcer?

Answer 24

Stage 2

Question 25

Full-thickness tissue loss. Subcutaneous fat may be visible but bone, tendon, or muscle is not exposed. What stage of pressure ulcer?

Answer 25

Stage 3

Question 26

Full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present on some parts of the wound bed. What stage of pressure ulcer?

Answer 26

Stage 4

Question 27

are less than 1 cm with a circumscribed border

Answer 27

macules

Question 28

are greater than 1 cm, and may have an irregular border

Answer 28

patches

Question 29

example of macule?

Answer 29

cherry angioma

Question 30

example of patches?

Answer 30

vitiligo

Question 31

Elevated, palpable, solid mass.

Answer 31

Papule and Plaque

Question 32

have a circumscribed border and are less than 0.5 cm

Answer 32

papules

Question 33

are greater than 0.5 cm and may be coalesced papules with a flat top.

Answer 33

plaque

Question 34

example of papule?

Answer 34

wart

Question 35

example of plaque?

Answer 35

seborrheic keratosis

Question 36

Example papules include? 1. 2. 3.

Answer 36

elevated nevi warts lichen planus

Question 37

Example of plaques 1. 2.

Answer 37

psoriasis actinic keratosis

Question 38

Elevated, solid, palpable mass that extends deeper into dermis than a papule.

Answer 38

nodule and tumor

Question 39

are 0.5–2 cm and circumscribed

Answer 39

nodules

Question 40

are greater than 1–2 cm and do not always have sharp borders

Answer 40

tumors

Question 41

examples of nodules 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Answer 41

1. keloid 2. lipoma 3. squamous cell carcinoma 4. poorly absorbed injection 5. dermatofibroma

Question 42

examples of tumors 1. 2.

Answer 42

larger lipoma carcinoma

Question 43

Circumscribed elevated, palpable mass containing serous f luid.

Answer 43

vesicle and bulla

Question 44

are less than 0.5 cm containing serous fluid

Answer 44

vesicles

Question 45

are greater than 0.5 cm with serous fluid

Answer 45

bullas

Question 46

examples of vesicles are 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 46

1. herpes simplex or zoster 2. varicella or chickenpox 3. poison ivy 4. second degree burn

Question 47

Example of bulla 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Answer 47

1. pemphigus 2. contact dermatitis 3. large burn blisters 4. poison ivy 5. bullous impetigo

Question 48

Elevated mass with transient borders that is often irregular. Size and color vary. Caused by movement of serous fluid into the dermis; it does not contain free fluid in a cavity.

Answer 48

wheal

Question 49

example of wheal 1. 2.

Answer 49

urticaria insect bites

Question 50

Pus-filled vesicle or bulla.

Answer 50

pustule

Question 51

examples of pustule 1. 2. 3. 4.

Answer 51

1. acne 2. impetigo 3. furuncles 4. carbuncles

Question 52

Encapsulated fluid-filled or semisolid mass that is located in the subcutaneous tissue or dermis.

Answer 52

cyst

Question 53

examples of cyst 1. 2.

Answer 53

sebaceous cyst epidermoid cyst

Question 54

Loss of superficial epidermis that does not extend to the dermis. It is a depressed, moist area.

Answer 54

erosion

Question 55

example of erosion

Answer 55

aphthous ulcer

Question 56

Skin loss extending past epidermis, with necrotic tissue loss. Bleeding and scarring are possible.

Answer 56

ulcer

Question 57

Skin mark left after healing of wound or lesion that represents replacement by connective tissue of the injured tissue.

Answer 57

scar or cicatrix

Question 58

Linear crack in the skin that may extend to the dermis and may be painful.

Answer 58

fissure

Question 59

example of fissure

Answer 59

tinea pedis

Question 60

Round red or purple macule that is 1–2 mm in size. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with bleeding tendencies or emboli to skin.

Answer 60

petechia or petechiae

Question 61

Round or irregular macular lesion that is larger than petechial lesion. The color varies and changes: black, yellow, and green hues. It is secondary to blood extravasation and associated with trauma and bleeding tendencies.

Answer 61

ecchymosis

Question 62

A localized collection of blood creating an elevated ecchymosis. It is associated with trauma.

Answer 62

hematoma

Question 63

Papular and round, red or purple lesion found on the trunk or extremities. It may blanch with pressure. It is a normal age-related skin alteration and usually not clinically significant.

Answer 63

cherry angioma

Question 64

Red arteriole lesion with a central body with radiating branches.

Answer 64

spider angioma

Question 65

It is associated with liver disease, pregnancy, and vitamin B deficiency.

Answer 65

spider angioma

Question 66

Bluish or red lesion with varying shape (spider-like or linear) found on the legs and anterior chest

Answer 66

telangiectasis or venous star

Question 67

Straight line, as in a scratch or streak. what configuration?

Answer 67

linear

Question 68

Circular lesions. An example is tinea corporis. what configuration?

Answer 68

annular

Question 69

Lesions grouped together. An example is herpes simplex.

Answer 69

clustered configuration

Question 70

Individual and distinct lesions. An example is multiple nevi.

Answer 70

discrete

Question 71

Coin-shaped lesions. An example is nummular eczema. what configuration?

Answer 71

nummular configuration

Question 72

Smaller lesions run together to form larger lesion. An example is tinea versicolor. what configuration?

Answer 72

confluent configuration

Question 73

Parallel ridges running lengthwise. May be seen in the elderly and some young people with no known etiology.

Answer 73

longitudinal ridging or beaus lines

Question 74

Nails that are half white on the upper proximal half and pink on the distal half. May be seen in chronic renal disease

Answer 74

half and half nails

Question 75

Seen with psoriasis.

Answer 75

pitting nails

Question 76

may be seen with trauma to cuticles or nail folds or in iron deficiency anemia, endocrine or cardiac disease

Answer 76

koilonychia or spoon nails (concave)

Question 77

Local infection in the nails

Answer 77

paronychia

Question 78

can result from longstanding hypoxia and lung cancer.

Answer 78

clubbing

Question 79

can be caused by Candida a/bicans, bacteria, and repeated exposure of the nails 1to moisture

Answer 79

paronychia

Question 80

is caused by trauma to the digit and nail, leading to haen1orrhtage into the matrix and nail bed.

Answer 80

subungual haematoma