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Urology/Reproduction > Female oestrus cycle + imaging > Flashcards

Female oestrus cycle + imaging Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

When are oocytes produced

A

during embryological development

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2
Q

When is puberty in the bitch

A

80% of her breeds average adult bodyweight
mean age 9 months(6-14 months)

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3
Q

When is puberty in small-medium breeds in the bitch

A

6-8 months

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4
Q

When is puberty in Giant breeds in the bitch

A

Until 18-20 months or even as late as 24 or 30m

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5
Q

When is puberty in the queen

A

80% and between 4-12 months of age

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6
Q

What can affect when puberty occurs in the queen

A

Photoperiod- time of year at their bitch
social environment and body condition and breed

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7
Q

When is puberty in the queen for oriental breeeds

A

Early (4months)

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8
Q

When is puberty in the queen for longhaired and manx breeds

A

later (11-21 months)

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9
Q

What is the oestrus cycle

A

Rhythmic phenomenon involving regular but limited periods off sexual receptivity(oestrus) that occur at intervals characteristic of a species
Interval between one ovulation and another

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10
Q

Classifications of oestrus cycle

A

Mono-oestrous
Polyoestrous
Seasonal
non seasonal

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11
Q

What is Mono-oetrous

A

Animals experience oestrus once each year

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12
Q

What is polyoestrous

A

Animals including most domestic species have more than one period of oestrus in a year

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13
Q

What are the 2 phases of oestrus cycle

A

Follicular phase
Luteal phase

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14
Q

What is the follicular phase

A

Characterised by high blood oestrogen levels

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15
Q

What are the 2 phases of the follicular phase

A

Pro-oestrus and oestrus

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16
Q

What is luteal phase

A

Period of preparation for pregnancy

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17
Q

What are the 2 divisions of luteal phase

A

Metestrus and dioestrus

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18
Q

What is anoestrus

A

Period of sexual inactivity

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19
Q

What is a period of sexual inactivity called

A

Anoestrus

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20
Q

What are the 2 main parts of the ovary

A

Cortex and medulla

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21
Q

What is the ovary cortex and what does it contain

A

Outer layer
Contains follicles of varying sizes and stages of maturation

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22
Q

What is the ovary medulla and what does it contain

A

Inner layer
composed of loose connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

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23
Q

When does oogenesis begin and restart

A

Begins in first half of foetal development and continues at puberty and stops in childhood

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24
Q

What happens in the fetal period in oogenesis

A

Undifferentiated germ cells in genital ridge divide by mitosis giving rise to oogonia which migrate to the ovaries
Then oogonia enter meiosis 1 becoming primary oocytes then is dormant until resumes at ovulation

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25
What are the stages of oogenesis
Oogonium to primary oocyte then to primary oocyte in meiosis then dormancy then primary oocyte meiosis to a secondary oocyte with first polar body, then secondary oocyte with second polar body
26
What are primordial follicles
House oocytes from primary oocyte in fetal period
27
Describe folliculogenesis
Primordial follicle in fetal period then dormancy until puberty then primary follicle and secondary follicle then a mature(graafian) follicle
28
Stages of folliculogenesis
Primordial follicle, dormancy, secondary follicle, mature(graafian) follicle
29
What does primordial follicle house
Primary oocyte in fetal period
30
What does a primary follicle house
Primary oocyte in puberty
31
What does a secondary follicle house
Primary oocyte in puberty
32
What does a mature(graafian) follicle house
Secondary oocyte in puberty
33
What happens to the polar body from the oocyte
disintegrates
34
What happens if secondary oocyte is fertilized
Completes meiosis 2 yielding a mature ovum
35
What type of oocyte is ovulated in the queen
Secondary oocytes are ovulated and immediately fertilisabel
36
What type of oocytes is ovulated in the bitch
Before completion of meiosis 1 so Primary oocyte so cannot be fertilized immediately and has to mature which takes about 2 days
37
Name hormones involved in female reproductive system
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GNRH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Oestrogen (E2) Progesterone (P4) Inhibin
38
Name Hormonal control for Early Follicular phase
LH stimulates production of E2 precursors in thecal cells of follicle- (Androgens) FSH stimulates conversion of androgen into E2 in granulosa cells E2 stimulates follicular development of the dominant follicles E2 exerts negative feedback on hypothalamus and AP (inhibts GNRH, LH, FSH) - hormonal regulation
39
Describe hormonal control for Late Follicular phase
E2 levels increase rapidly to exceed a threshold Changes negative feedback on hypothalamus to a positive feedback on surge centre Large quantities of GnRH causes LH surge from AP Due to inhibin the increase of FSH is smaller than LH peak LH surge induces ovulation
40
Hormonal control for luteal phase
The cavity and the fribrin clot from ruptured folicle form framework for luteal cells to develop and form corpus haemorrhagicm Blood vessels form theca externa invade CH and become vascularised to form corpus luteum Maintence of CL is from LH CL is responsible for production of Progesterone P4 stimulates closure of cervix and endometrial thickening and mammary glands P4 inhibits GnRH, FSH and LH
41
Name the stages of Oestrus cycle in Bitch and length
Pro-Oestrus (7-10 days) Oestrus(7-10 days) Dioestrus(2 months) Anoestrus(4.5 months)
42
What type of breeding pattern is in the btich
Non-seasonal mono-oestrus cycle followed by obligatory anoestrus period
43
Describe simple pro-oestrus in bitch
Attracts males but not mates
44
Describe simple oestrus in bitch
accepts mate
45
Describe simple dioestrus in bitch
Whether pregnant or nonpregnant
46
Describe simple anoestrus in bitch
ovarian inactivity
47
Length of oestrus cycle in btich
approx 6-7 months and range is 5-12 months
48
When is Day 0 for oestrus cycle bitch
LH surge occurs in late pro-oestrus/ early oestrus
49
What kind of ovulator is the bitch
Spontaneous ovulator- ovulation occurs 48-72 hourspost LH surge
50
What can be used to detect ovulation in just the bitch
Progesterone concentratiosn are detectabke in circulation just before ovulation
51
Signs of oestrus in the bitch
vulvar discharge vulvar swelling 2-3 times the size
52
Monitoring scientific techniques for oestrus in the bitch
exfoliative vaginal cytology vaginoscopy hormonal tests- progesterone and LH
53
What type of breeding pattern is the queen
Seasonal polyoestrus breeeding pattern Periods of repeated oestrus activity at intervals of 14-21 days initiated by increasing day length Followed by seasonal period of anoestrus 3-4months in winter
54
Describe the polyoestrus oestrus cycle in the queen
Periods of repeated oestrus activity at intervals of 14-21 days initiated by increasing day length Followed by seasonal period of anoestrus 3-4months in winter females indoors and not exposed to changing photoperiod can cycle practically throughout the year
55
What type of ovulator is the queen
Induced ovulator ovulation triggered by coitus or mechanical stimulation of the vaginal wall rarely ovulation without mating (spontaneous) could be grooming, age of presence of male
56
Name the stages of the oestrus cycle in the queen
Interoestrus (8-15 days) Pro-oetrus (0-1 days) Oestrus(2-6days) Luteal phase Non pregnant(25-45 days) pregnant (65days) Absence of mating there is not luteal phase so followed by interoestrus
57
Uses of diagnostic imaging
disease diagnosis or establish a database of normal anatomy as a reference
58
Most common diagnostic imaging for urogenital system
Radiography ultrasonography CT, MRI renal scinitgraphy
59
When do foetal skeletons ossify in dog and cat
dog-42-45 days cat-35-39 days of gestation
60
What is size of kidneys (radiology) compared to L2 (lumbar veterbrate 2)
Dog- 2.5-3.5 times cat- 1.9-2.6 times the length is neutered and 2.1-3.2 if entire
61
Position of kidneys (radiology) in the dog
right- T12-L1 veterbrate left- L1-L3
62
Position of kidneys (radiology) in the cat
L1-L4 with right kidney either more cranial or same level as left
63
Why are plain radiographs limited in evaluating urinary bladder
as soft tissue and fluid are the same radiographic opacity making the bladder wall indistinguishable from fluid within the lumen
64
Is the urethra accessible using ultrasound or plain radiography
no so have the use a contrast media with radiography
65
GnRH activity
release FSH and LH
66
FSH activity
Stimulate follicular development conversion of androgens to oeestrogen
67
LH activity
Productions of oestrogen precursors (androgens) ovulation following LH surge then maintenance of corpus luteum
68
Oestrogen activity
Stimulate LH surge, negative feedback on FSH production and endometrial thickening, mammary glands and brain behavioural centres
69
Progesterone secreted by
corpus luteum
70
Progesterone activity
Closure of the cervix and maintenance of pregnancy, negative feedback on production of FSH and LH via GnRH inhibition
71
Inhibin acitivty
Inhibits FSH production

Urology/Reproduction (5 decks)

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