Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Urology/Reproduction > Female reproductive system > Flashcards

Female reproductive system Flashcards

(109 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What are PGC’s

A

Primordial germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are primordial germ cells responsible for

A

development of male and female germ cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is sex of embryo determined

A

chromosomally at fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What do primordial germ cells do at early stgae of embryological developement

A

Migrate from epiblast through primitive streak to the yolk sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the structure of gonads in embryological development

A

genital ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What happens to PGC’s after move to yolk sac

A

Migrate into developing gonadal ridge through ameboid movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the genital ridge

A

proliferates and penetrates the intermediate mesoderm to form primitive sex cords

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the combination of the germ cells(genital ridge) and primitive sex cords make

A

indifferent gonad which development into either testes or ovaries can occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in female embryo when xx sex chromosomes present

A

As no Y chromosome no SRY gene
primitive sex cords degenerate and no testis cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens because of no SRY gene

A

primitive sex cords degenerate and do not form testis cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens to the epithelium of gonad in female embryo after sex cords degenerate

A

Continue to proliferate and produces cortical cords of which break into clusters surrounding each oogonium(germ cell) forming a primordial follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 2 pairs of ducts ending at the cloaca in initial weeks of genital development

A

Mesonephric(Wolffian) ducts
Paramesonephric(Mullerian) ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to female embryo ducts as no leydig cells to produce testosterone

A

Mesonephric (wolffian) duct degenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What other hormone/absence allows for development of paramesonephric(mullerian) ducts

A

Absence of anti- mullerian hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of paramesonephric duct forms uterine tubes

A

Cranial portions remain separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What part of paramesonephric duct forms uterus and cervix

A

Middle portions fuse along the midline to form the uterovaginal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What part of paramesonephric duct forms Vagina

A

Caudal ends contact the urogenital sinus and sinus forms a sino vaginal bulb which proliferates for lower vagina.
upper vagina- fused paramesonephric ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Name the female organs of reproduction

A

2 ovaries, 2 uterine tubes(oviducts, uterus, cervix, vagina, vulva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does fertilization normally occur

A

Within uterine tube during passage of ovum from ovary to the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Location of ovary

A

dorsal part of abdomen caudal to the kidneys in the lumar region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is cortex(ovary)

A

Outer zone of ovary, composed of follicles in various stages of development, corpora lutea, and connective tissue stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is medulla(ovary)

A

central area of the ovary, blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics, smooth muscle fibres and connective tissue fibres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the uterine tube

A

Duct running from ovary between layers of mesosalpinx to the tip of the uterine horn. Site of fertilization bringing sperm and oocytes together
Tube runs cranial direction to free edge of suspensory ligament then sharply turns caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the Infundibulum

A

expanded, funnel shapes ovarian end of uterine tube
the finger like projection on the free edge are called fimbriae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Role of finger like projections on free edge of infundibulum(fimbriae)
Pick up oocyte from surface of ovary and direct to infundibulum
25
What is the abdominal opening of the uterine tube
opening in the centre of the infundibulum, only opening of peritoneal cavity tot the outside of the female animal. dont exist in male
26
What is the uterus
expandable, tubular organ where embryo/foetus develops
27
What does the uterus consist of
A corpus(body) A cevix(neck) Two cornua(horns)
28
What is the shape of the uterus
Bicornuate- 2 long horns and a small body
29
Where is the fertilized ova implanted
equal distances along the horns allowing maximum amount of space for development rare to be within uterine body
30
What is the uterine body
part of the uterus between the cervix and the uterine horns
31
What is the cervix
contricted caudal part of the uterus joining the uterus and vagina it has a channel having opening both ends (internal and external uterine ostium) and is closed except for oestrus and birth
32
What is the uterine horns
2 musculo-membranous externsions of the uterine body located entireley within abdomen.
33
Name a adapation of uterine horns
In carnvious the uterine horns are very long horns compared to their body an adaptation for litter bearing
34
Adaptation litter bearing
Long uterine horns
35
3 uterine wall layers
Endometrium (Mucosal layer) Myometrium (muscle layer) Perimetrium (serosal layer)
36
Endometrium (mucosal layer)(detail)
lines lumen of the uterus and thickens depending on stage of the oestrus cycle
37
Myometrium (muscle layer)(detail)
underlying the endometrium is 2 layered muscular layer. contain smooth muscles And thicker internal circular layer of smooth muscle separated by a highly vascular stratum of connective tissue
38
Perimetrium (serosal layer)(detail)
Uterus is covered by serous membrane which continuous with the broad ligament
39
What is the vagina
Constitutes the cranial part of the female copulatory organ it extends from the external ostium of the uterus to the entrance of the urethra Part of only the reproductive tract Median position within pelvic cavity with rectum dorsally and bladder ventrally
40
What is the vestibule of the vagina
Caudal part of the copulatory organ extends from the external urethral opening to the external vulva and combines reproductive and urinary function
41
What is vestibular bulbs
organized erectile venous plexuses in the vestibular walls of the bitch bulbs erect in the copulatory tie and press against penis caudal to enlarged bulb of the glans
42
What is the vulva
formed by 2 labia that meet at dorsal and ventral commissures surrounding the vertical vulvar opening
43
Name the broad ligaments
Mesovarium Mesosalpinx Mesometrium
44
What is the mesovarium
cranial part of broad ligament attaches ovary to the dorsolateral region of abdomindal wall contains ovarian artery and vein
45
What is the mesosalpinx
lateral arising from mesovarium contains uterine tube and holds it between its two layers only part of broad ligament not attached to abdominal wall
46
what does mesovarium contain
ovarian artery and vein
47
what does mesosalpinx contain
uterine tube
48
What is the ovarian bursa
small peritoneal cavity enclosed by mesovairum and mesosalpinx facilitates transports of ovulated oocytes into oviduct dog encloses ovary completely cat surronds ovary but wide communication to abdominal cavity
49
What is the mesometrium
Attach uterine horns and body to the dorsolateral body wall round ligament of the uterus is in the free edge of the secondary fold of mesometrium
50
What is the suspensory ligament
Forms cranial boundary of the boundary of broad ligament extends between ovary and last ribs near kidney
51
What is proper ligament of the ovary
caudal continuation of the mesovariums cranial free edge (suspensory ligament) connects ovary to end of uterine horn
52
What is the round ligament
extends caudally toward inguinal canal and is from the lateral aspect of mesometrium
53
Where does ovarian artery go
branches of aorta and follows a convoluted course to the ovary and supplies ovary and detaches branches to uterine tube and tip of uterine horn
54
Where does uterine artery go
branch of vaginal artery and passes to uterus within broad ligament branches supply body and horn of uterus
55
How many mammary glands for bitch
5 pairs 2 thoracic M1 M2 2 abdominal M3 M4 1 inguinal M5
56
How many mammary glands for queen
4 pairs 2 thoracic M1 M2 2 abdominal M3 M4
57
Do cortical cords form before or after degeneration of primitive sex
after
58
Does genital ridge epithelium proliferate to form primitive sex cords BEFORE OR AFTER PGC's migrate to genital ridge
after
59
In embryonic development what absence of what hormone primarly leads to development of female reproductive tract
testosterone
60
What structure is derived from the urogenital sinus during female repro system development
vagina
61
What is primary structural adaptation in the uterus for litter-bearing in dog
long uterine horns
62
What connecting peritoneum structure supports the uterine tube
mesosalpinx
63
What is a main part of the avian female repro system (magnum)
magnum is responsible for albumen
64
What is the significance of the absence of the SRY gene in ovarian development
No Y chromosome so ensure primitive sex cords degenerate and no testis cord forms. cortical cords develop surronding each oogonium with follicular epithelial cells to form primordial follicles->essential for development of functional ovary
65
What is the function of an ovary
Site of oogenesis and ovulation endocrine gland-secretes hormones oestrogen and progesterone
66
What is the function of the uterine tube
collect and propel ova towards the uterine horn usually site of fertilisation
67
What is function of the fimbriae on the infundibulum of the uterine tube
Catch ova as they are released and direct them into uterine tube
68
What is the function of the uterus
Location for implantation of embryo Organ that provides space and nutrients required for growth of foestuses to full-term
69
What is endometrium
internal layer composed of glandular tissue and blood vessels and site of implantation
70
What is myometrium
layers of smooth muscle
71
What is mesometrium/broad ligament
Fold of visceral peritoneum that suspends uterus from dorsal body wall free edge is thickened and forms round ligament continuous with mesovarium and mesosalpinx
72
What changes occur in the endometrium during pregnancy and why
Endometrium thickens to provide nutrition and support the placenta
73
Why is the myometrium composed of smooth muscle
Allow expansion during pregnancy and reduction after Produce strong contractions during parturition
74
What happens to the cervix during pregnancy
It becomes blocked by mucoid plug to prevent infections entering uterus
75
What does the mesometrium support
Supports uterine horns and body anchoring them to lateral body wall ensure proper positoning of uterus in abdominal cavity
76
What does the mesosalpinx supports
Surrounds and supports oviducts/fallopian tubes forms a portion of ovarian bursa which partially encloses the ovary
77
What is function of ovarian bursa
facilitates transports of ovulated oocytes into oviduct
78
What does the mesovarium support
connects the ovary to the dorsal abdominal wall contains ovarian blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves within the suspensory ligament of ovary
79
What roles do the broad ligaments play if facilitating the reproductive tract to perform its function
support, blood supply and lymphatic drainage, nerve innervation
80
How does broad ligament adapt during pregnancy and what is surgical considerations
Broad ligaments adapts through combination of mechanical stretching, vascular remodeling and hormonal influence During a caesarean section of spay in a pregnant bitch the surgeon must account for the enlarged vascularized broad ligament.
81
Ovary
Paired structures producing female gametes in birds.
82
Oviduct
Tube transporting eggs from ovaries to cloaca.
83
Infundibulum
Funnel-shaped oviduct section capturing ovulated eggs.
84
Magnum
Longest oviduct segment producing albumen proteins.
85
Isthmus
Oviduct segment forming shell membranes for eggs.
86
Uterus
Also called shell gland; adds water to albumen.
87
Vagina
Storage site for sperm; muscular and folded.
88
Cloaca
Common chamber for reproductive and excretory tracts.
89
Vent
External opening of the cloaca.
90
Juvenile Ovary Weight
Weighs around 0.5g in non-laying chickens.
91
Mature Ovary Weight
Increases to over 60g before laying.
92
Mature Oocyte
Largest female gamete in the animal kingdom.
93
Ovipary
Egg-laying reproductive strategy in reptiles.
94
Ovovivipary
Embryos nourished by yolk inside oviduct.
95
Vivipary
Embryos nourished through placenta in some reptiles.
96
Oviduct Regions (Reptiles)
Includes ostium, aglandular segment, magnum, shell gland, vagina.
97
Sphincter Muscle
Thickened muscle at uterus-vagina junction.
98
Egg Development
Occurs in segments of the avian oviduct.
99
Eggshell Membranes
Formed in the isthmus of the oviduct.
100
Genital Pore
External opening for egg or live young release.
101
Urogenital Opening
Shared opening for reproductive and excretory systems.
102
Ovary Position (Reptiles)
Located dorsally, posterior to lungs and kidneys.
103
Follicle Clustering
Mature follicles cluster cranially in sexually mature reptiles.
104
Sperm Storage (Snakes)
Some females store sperm for months or years.
105
Broadcast Spawning
Group release of eggs and sperm in water.
106
Open Oviduct System
Oviduct not directly connected to ovaries.
107
Closed Oviduct System
Oviduct directly connected to ovaries.
108
Egg Transport
Involves movement from ovaries to oviduct.

Urology/Reproduction (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions