Urinary and Male Repro Anatomy

Question 1

Where are the kidneys located

Answer 1

cranially and dorsally in the abdominal cavity
located retroperitoneal

Question 2

What is the lining of the abdominal cavity called

Answer 2

peritoneal

Question 3

Which kidney more caudal in dogs and cats

Answer 3

left kidney

Question 4

Rough size of kidney in terms of number of vertebrae

Answer 4

2.5

Question 5

Name 6 main parts of kidneys

Answer 5

Capsule
cortex
medulla
renal pyramids
renal pelvis
hilus

Question 6

What is the capsule

Answer 6

Protetive layer around kidney and can have layer of fat for protection and energy

Question 7

What is the cortex

Answer 7

outermost layer of kidney

Question 8

what is the medulla

Answer 8

central layer of the kidney

Question 9

what is the renal pyramids

Answer 9

contain the collecting ducts and direct urine towards the renal pelvis

Question 10

What is the renal pelvis

Answer 10

collects all urine produced and directs them into the ureter

Question 11

What is the Hilus

Answer 11

entry and exit point for the structure related to the kidney(artery vein nerves ureter)

Question 12

3 Main function of the kidney

Answer 12

Osmoregulation, excretion, secretion of erythropoietin

Question 13

2 types of changes to kidney in disease

Answer 13

acute renal failure-swell
chronic renal failure-reduce

Question 14

What happens in acute renal failure

Answer 14

Kidney can swell

Question 15

What happens in chronic renal failure

Answer 15

Kidney can reduce in size

Question 16

Name functional unit of the kidney

Answer 16

nephron

Question 17

Where is nephron located

Answer 17

cortex and medulla

Question 18

What vessel do the renal arteries originate from

Answer 18

aorta

Question 19

Which blood vessel do the renal veins drain towards

Answer 19

caudal vena cava

Question 20

What is the ureter

Answer 20

Narrow muscular tubes towards bladder that carry urine

Question 21

What propels the urine in the ureter

Answer 21

peristaltic waves from smooth muscle in ureter walls

Question 22

What is the bladder

Answer 22

muscular pear shaped organ with inflates and deflates depending on level of urine

Question 23

What is the bladder made of

Answer 23

Lined with transitional epithelium and a further outside layer of elastic and muscle tissue

Question 24

Difference of male dogs and cats urethra

Answer 24

Dogs- urethra moves caudally in pelvis encounters prostate then curves cranially
cats- urethra moves caudally, encounters prostate then curves ventrally and caudally

Question 25

Why are testes located outside the boy in the scrotum

Answer 25

Spermatogenesis occurs best at temps lower than core temperature so located outside the body

Question 26

What is the function of the tunica dartos/dartos muscle

Answer 26

When cold-contracts and thickens/wrinkles skin to bring towards the core to maintain optimum temperature When warm-relaxes so skin is smooth and fall away from core to maintain optimum temperature

Question 27

Function of testes

Answer 27

Site of spermatogenesis Production of fluid to transport sperm from testes and aid survival secrete testosterone

Question 28

Name 3 cell types that are part of spermatogenesis

Answer 28

Spermatogenic cells Sertoli cells leydig/interstitial cells

Question 29

Functional unit of testicular tissue

Answer 29

seminiferous tubules

Question 30

What do Spermatogenic cells do

Answer 30

produce immature sperm (spermatids)

Question 31

What do Sertoli cells do

Answer 31

Secrete oestrogen and nutrients for sperm

Question 32

What do Leydig cells do

Answer 32

Secrete testosterone

Question 33

Where is the epididymis located

Answer 33

Dorsolateral aspect of the testis head at cranial pole tail curved caudally

Question 34

Where is sperm stored

Answer 34

Tail of epididymis as lowest temperature

Question 35

Where is the ductus deferens

Answer 35

attached to the tail of the epididymis

Question 36

Gene for testes

Answer 36

SRY gene

Question 37

How long for testes to descend through inguinal ring

Answer 37

Abdomen until 3rd day and then definitive position in scrotum after 4-5 weeks

Question 38

3 main parts of spermatic cord

Answer 38

Deferent duct testicular artery pampiniform plexus

Question 39

Where is the cremaster muscle

Answer 39

alongside spermatic cord

Question 40

Function of cremaster muscle

Answer 40

contract bring testis closer to body-cold relaxation testis fall from body-hot works with the dartos muscle

Question 41

Function of pampiniform plexus

Answer 41

large network of small veins so then large volume of venous blood helps cools arterial blood so reducing temperature further for spermatogenesis

Question 42

Function of accesory glands(prostate, bulborethral glands)

Answer 42

Secrete fluid to contribute to volume of ejaculate provide nutrients and environment for sperm survival

Question 43

Function of penis

Answer 43

copulatory organ- directs sperm from testis into female reproductive tract directs urine from the bladder to outside the body both via urethra

Question 44

Why might os penis be issue for urethra

Answer 44

cannot expand so common site of blockage from stones

Question 45

What part of tissue swells during mating

Answer 45

bulbus glandis

Question 46

Difference of castration and vasectomy

Answer 46

Castration- removal of testes and spermatic cord and closure of inguinal ring Vasectomy is the ligation of the deferent duct in the spermatic cord

Question 47

When may a vasectomy be performed instead

Answer 47

not often done could be done in tomcats to make them infertile but still hormonally intact

Question 48

Myomorphs repro differences

Answer 48

Inguinal canal remains open so testes and return to abdomen during non mating season several large accessory glands os penis within penis tissue

Question 49

Guinea pigs repro differences

Answer 49

testes able to be retracted through inguinal canal several accessory glands os penis within penis tissue caudoventral to urethral opening two horny projection evert during erection

Question 50

Ferrets repro differences

Answer 50

Testes in scrotum and unable to retract testes enlarge in breeding season J shapes os penis within penile tissue

Question 51

Reptile repro differences

Answer 51

Testes internal paired copulatory organs(hemipenes)

Question 52

Fish repro differences

Answer 52

external fertilisation internal- male posses copulatory organ (gonopodium) sperm passed into the female and fertilisation and gestation internal