Female Pelvis 2

Question 1

to be ovarian cyst must be >______ mm

Answer 1

> 9mm

Question 2

larger cysts are likely if mother had (3)

Answer 2

Toxemia, diabetes, Rh isoimmunization

Question 3

4 types of cysts

Answer 3

follicular
corpus luteal
theca lutein
paraovarian

Question 4

follicular cystshave what fluid

Answer 4

clear serous fluid

Question 5

corpus luteal are what fluid

Answer 5

serous or hemorrhagic fluid

Question 6

theca lutein caused by

Answer 6

GTD or clomid/clomiphene

Question 7

where are paraovarian cysts

Answer 7

in broad ligament or fallopian tubes

Question 8

ovarian torsion is usually the result of

Answer 8

ovarian cyst or tumor

Question 9

who is at risk for ovarian torsion

Answer 9

pre pubertal girls

Question 10

3 symptoms of O torsion

Answer 10

abdo pain
N&V
leukocytosis

Question 11

sono apperance of torsion (5)

Answer 11

unilateral enlargement
fluid in cul de sac 
cyst/tumor
twisted vascularular medical (wirlpool/target sign)
absence of flow alone is not reliable

Question 12

hemorrhagic cyst sono appearance (4)

Answer 12

heteromass
thick walls
separations
fluid in culldesac

Question 13

PCOD also called

Answer 13

stein leventhal syndrome

Question 14

clinical features of PCOD (5)

Answer 14

Hirsutism
Irregular menstrual bleeding
Associated with obesity and diabetes
increased incidence of endometrial carcinoma
Infertility

Question 15

mean ovarian volume of PCOD

Answer 15

14cc

Question 16

Follicle size in PCOD

Answer 16

0.5-0.8cm

Question 17

when do most ovarian neoplasms occur

Answer 17

at puberty

Question 18

is ascites common in children with ovarian neoplasms

Answer 18

less so than in adults

Question 19

3 catagories of primary tumors

Answer 19

germ cell
epithelial cell
stromal cell

Question 20

5 types of germ cell

Answer 20

Benign teratoma
Dysgerminoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Endodermal sinus tumors
Choriocarcinoma

Question 21

3 types of epithelial cell

Answer 21

Serous and mucinous cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma

Question 22

3 types of stromal cell

Answer 22

Granulosa theca cell tumor
Arrhenoblastoma
Gonadoblastoma

Question 23

apperance of benign teratoma (4)

Answer 23

Predominantly cystic with or without mural nodule
Solid masses
Complex lesions with fat-fluid or hair-fluid levels
Calcifications

Question 24

dysgerminoma description (4)

Answer 24

Malignant
Large, solid, encapsulated
Rapidly growing
Hypoechoic areas from hemorrhage, necrosis

Question 25

epithelial group appearance

Answer 25

Cystic masses with septa of variable thickness | Often difficult to differentiate on US between these 4 types of tumors

Question 26

granulosa cells are associated with

Answer 26

feminizing effects and precocious puberty (estrogen producing)

Question 27

are granulose theca cell tutors malignant or benign

Answer 27

benign

Question 28

what cells are gonadoblastomas made out of

Answer 28

germ, stromal and sex cord cells

Question 29

are neoplasms of the uterus and vagina common

Answer 29

no, but more common in the vagina than uterus | more likely to be malignant than benign

Question 30

highly malignant germ cell tumor of vagina

Answer 30

endodermal sinus tumor

Question 31

where do rhabdomyosarcoma arise from and are they malignant

Answer 31

uterus or vagina | and yes they malignant

Question 32

clinical presentation of rhabdomyosarcoma (3)

Answer 32

Age at presentation 6-18 months old Vaginal bleeding Protrusion of polypoid cluster of masses (sarcoma botryoides)

Question 33

4 endocrine abnormalities with primary amenorrhea

Answer 33

Gonadal dysgenesis Chromosomal abnormalities Decreased hormonal states Testicular feminization

Question 34

most common form of gonadal dysgenesis

Answer 34

turners syndrome

Question 35

turners syndrome description (4)

Answer 35

45, XO karyotype Delayed or absent puberty Short statue, webbed neck Renal and CV problems

Question 36

sono of turners syndrome

Answer 36

Ovaries may not be seen Streak ovaries Prepubertal uterus

Question 37

testicular feminization description

Answer 37

``` Sex-linked recessive abnormality End-organ insensitivity to androgens Phenotypic females with 46,XY karyotype Absent uterus and ovaries Ectopic testes ```

Question 38

define precocious puberty

Answer 38

Development of secondary sexual characteristics, gonadal enlargement, & ovulation before age 8 yrs

Question 39

other descriptors of precocious puberty

Answer 39

Uterus enlarged with postpubertal shape fundus/cx ratio - 2:1 to 3:1 Prominent endometrium Ovarian volume > 1cc, with functional cysts

Question 40

central type precocious puberty description

Answer 40

True precocious puberty Gonadotropin dependent increased FSH & LH increased Estrogen

Question 41

cause of central type precocious puberty

Answer 41

idiopathic | sometime intracranial tumor

Question 42

peripheral type precocious puberty description

Answer 42

Pseudoprecocious puberty Gonadotropin independent increase Estrogen, decrease FSH, LH

Question 43

cause of peripheral type precocious puberty

Answer 43

ovarian tumor