female repro

Question 1

ovaries

Answer 1

paired
- germinal/ovarian surface epithelium (source of ovarian carcinomas)

Question 2

ovarian cortex

Answer 2

contains ovarian follicles

Question 3

ovarian medulla

Answer 3

contains blood vessels, nerves, etc

Question 4

ovarian cycle

Answer 4

follicular phase day 1-14
ovulation day ~14
luteal phase day 14-28

Question 5

follicular phase

Answer 5

primordial follicle matures to graafian with FSH

Question 6

primordial follicle

Answer 6

oocyte
- squamous follicular cells

Question 7

primary follicle, unilaminar

Answer 7

oocyte
- cuboidal follicular cells

Question 8

primary follicle, multilaminar

Answer 8

oocyte
- granulosa cells
- zona pellucida
- theca interna

Question 9

granulosa cells

Answer 9

come from proliferating follicular cells

Question 10

zona pellucida

Answer 10

glycoprotein layer separating oocyte and granulosa cells
- prevents polyspermy

Question 11

theca interna

Answer 11

surrounds follicle
- estrogen production

Question 12

follicular phase hormone production

Answer 12

cholesterol delivered to thecal cells by blood vessel
- converted to progesterone
- converted to androstenedione
- crosses basement membrane to granulosa cell
- aromatase in granulosa cells converts it to estrogen
- goes back to blood

Question 13

secondary follicle

Answer 13

oocyte
- granulosa cells
- zona pellucida
- theca interna
- antrum (fluid filled chamber)

Question 14

graafian follicle

Answer 14

oocyte
- granulosa cells
- zona pellucida
- theca interna
- antrum
- corona radiata

Question 15

corona radiata

Answer 15

granulosa cells surrounding oocyte
- nourish after ovulation

Question 16

ovulation

Answer 16

LH surge from ant pituitary
- egg released from ovary

Question 17

luteal phase, no fertilization

Answer 17

corpus luteum of menstruation producing estrogen (GL and TL cells)
- 2 weeks no fertilization, corpus luteam degenerates into scar tissue (corpus albicans)
- progesterone and estrogen maintain uterine lining

Question 18

granulosa lutein cells

Answer 18

modified granulosa cells
- produce most progesterone, convert androstenedione -> estrogen

Question 19

theca lutein cells

Answer 19

modified theca interna cells
- produce progesterone + androstenedione

Question 20

luteal phase hormone production

Answer 20

cholesterol enters TL and GL cells from blood
- converted to progesterone in both cells
- progesterone -> androstenedione in TL cell
- androstenedione travels to GL cell where aromatase converts it to estrogen.
- estrogen goes to bloodstream

Question 21

luteal phase, fertilization

Answer 21

corpus luteum of pregnancy is maintained for 8-12 weeks by embryonic human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
- at 8-12 weeks:
- placenta takes over production of progesterone
- corpus luteum degrades into scar tissue (corpus albicans)

Question 22

uterus

Answer 22

3 main parts:
- fundas
- body
- cervix

3 layers in wall:
- endometrium
- myometrium
- serosa/adventitia

Question 23

fundas

Answer 23

rounded area above oviducts

Question 24

body

Answer 24

broad area on sides

Question 25

cervix

Answer 25

inferior canal

Question 26

endometrium

Answer 26

inner, mucosal lining

Question 27

myometrium

Answer 27

middle muscular

Question 28

serosa/adventitia (uterus)

Answer 28

outer CT

Question 29

days 1-4 endometrium

Answer 29

• thin endometrium
• no lining epithelium
• only glandular base and straight arteries

Question 30

days 4-14 endometrium

Answer 30

• thicken to 2-3mm (E)
• glands grow
• helical arteries regrow

Question 31

days 14-28 endometrium

Answer 31

• endometrium at its thickest (5mm)
• glands grow, spiral, and secrete nutrients (progesterone)
• helical arteries continue growth

Question 32

mammary gland

Answer 32

15-20 exocrine glands (compound tubuloalveolar)
epithelium: parenchyma
CT: stroma

Question 33

resting mammary gland

Answer 33

ducts + lobules

Question 34

parenchyma of resting mammary gland

Answer 34

• terminal ductules composed of simple cuboidal epi
• surrounding myoepithelial cells are contractile

Question 35

lactating mammary gland during pregnancy

Answer 35

terminal ductules branch, grow, and develop alveoli

Question 36

lactating mammary gland after birth

Answer 36

alveolar cells stimulated to produce milk
- myoepithelial contraction for milk ejection

Question 37

prolactin

Answer 37

stimulates alveolar cells to prod milk after pregnancy

Question 38

oxytocin

Answer 38

released when infant suckles, stimulates myoepithelial contraction