Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

caps 390 > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

(63 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

general organization of internal tube-based organs

A

mucosa: epithelium + LP
epithelium: endoderm derived
LP: CT, MALT, muscularis mucosae
submucosa: CT, glands
adventitia/serosa: CT, muscle/cartilage/bone
- adventitia: sticks to other organs
- serosa: mesothelial cells, allows to move against other organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ectoderm

A
  • epidermis of skin (+ sweat glands, hair follicles)
  • mouth + rectum epithelium
  • sense receptors in epithelium
  • nervous system
  • epithelium of pineal + pituitary glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

mesoderm

A
  • skeletal + muscular system
  • muscular layer of stomach, intestine, etc
  • excretory system
  • circulatory + lymphatic systems
  • reproductive system
  • dermis
  • lining of body cavity
  • adrenal cortex
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

endoderm

A
  • digestive tract epithelium
  • respiratory epithelium
  • urethra, bladder, reproductive system lining
  • liver
  • pancreas + gallbladder
  • thymus
  • thyroid + parathyroid glands

forms umbilical cord
lung bud - panc/livGB bud - umbilical vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

nasal cavity origin

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nasal cavity - epithelium

A

ciliated, pseudostratified
- mucociliary flow to back of throat
- goblet cells prod mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

nasal cavity - lamina propria

A

highly vascular
- some MALT
- simple mucous glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

nasal cavity - sub mucosa + adventitia

A

bone or hyaline cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

paranasal sinuses

A

turbinates can get swollen (inflammation) - blocks sinuses
- cilia drain sinuses toward small opening into nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functions of nasal mucosa

A
  • warm + moisten air
  • trap particles in mucus
  • cilia beat back to pharynx (mucociliary clearance)
  • MALT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

olfactory mucosa

A

roof of nasal cavity
- pseudostr ciliated epithelium
- bipolar sensory neurons, basal cells (stem-like), bowman’s glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

bipolar sensory neurons

A

in olfactory mucosa epithelium
- sensory cilia are embedded in serous secretions which capture odorants
- surrounded by supportive sustentacular cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

bowman’s glands

A

in LP of olfactory mucosa
- serous, simple alveolar
- prod molecules that bind to olfactants, immersing them in mucosa
- secretions bathe bipolar cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

functions of oral cavity

A
  • ingestion and taste
  • mastication
  • bolus formation
  • hydration of food
  • swallow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lips - vermillion zone

A

highly vascularized LP
str sq epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

lips - internal aspect + cheek

A

epi: str sq, non-keratinized
LP: dense irregular CT
submucosa: mucous glands
adventitia: skeletal muscle

continuous w gums

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

lips - external aspect

A

skin
- epi: str sq, keratinizing
- LP: CT dermis
- hair follicles and hair shafts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gingiva

A

protect periodontal ligament via junctional epithelial collar
- epi: str sq, lightly keratinized
- LP + submucosa: dense irregular CT, collagen I
- adventitia: bone (jaws, maxilla + mandible)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

periodontal ligament

A

connects tooth to jaw, protected by gums
- collagen i

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

bacterial gingivitis

A

chronic inflammation of LP of gums
- redness at tooth-gums junction
- untreated can damage periodontal ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hard palate

A

anterior roof of mouth
- epi: str sq, keratinizing
- mastication chewing, creates more friction
- adventitia: bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

soft palate

A

posterior roof of mouth
- epi: str sq, non-keratinizing
- non masticatory
- adventitia: elevates w uvula during swallowing, closing nasal cavity entrance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

tongue

A

mucosal specializations:
- papillae (+ tastebuds)
- lingual tonsils (malt, posterior)
- submucosal serous glands, trap tastant molecules

adventitia: skeletal muscle

creates bolus

anterior: ectoderm
posterior: endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mucosal papillae

A

circumvalate, fungiform, filiform
epi: str sq keratinized
LP: dense irregular CT
submucosa: serous glands, ducts carry it to surface

  • taste buds in crevices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
intra-epithelial tastebuds
microvilli in taste pore in crevices of papillae - spindle shaped sensory receptor cells I&II - synapse w sensory neurons - tastants dissolve in serous fluid, enter pore, bind to G protein-coupled cell surf receptors + ion channels, downstream neuronal signalling - diff receptors for sweet, sour, salty, bitter
26
lingual tonsils
malt at posterior aspect of tongue - LP of tongue papillae - lymphoid nodules, highly basophilic bc of WBCs - oral entry pathogens
27
pharynx
endoderm-derived - air/food passageway LP: prominent MALT (pharyngeal tonsils) submucosa: serous glands adventitia: skeletal muscle nasopharynx,. oropharynx, and laryngeal pharynx
28
nasopharynx
pseudostr respiratory epithelium - above oral opening
29
oropharynx
str sq non-keratinizng - at oral opening
30
laryngeal pharynx
str sq non-keratinizing - right before epiglottis
31
epiglottis
roof of larynx - prevents food entry to airway - entry into dedicated respiratory system epi: str sq (tongue side) -> str columnar -> respiratory adventitia: elastic cartilage (flexibility)
32
larynx
box between pharynx + trachea - roof: epiglottis - floor: vocal folds
33
vocal folds
floor of larynx, vocalization via vibration of folds (mucosa + submucosa) epi: str sq LP: dense regular CT, elastic fibers (vocal cord) submucosa: vocal ligament, mast cell adventitia: skeletal muscle (vocalis muscle)
34
vocal ligament
in submucosa of vocal cord, attaches to skeletal muscle
35
false fold
cover vocal cords epi: str sq submucosa: seromucous glands - no movement
36
conducting portion of respiratory system
conducts air in and out of lungs - nasal cavity - pharynx - larynx - trachea - primary bronchi (outside of lungs) (segmented pieces of cartilage in adventitia) - secondary bronchi - tertiary/segmental bronchi - primary bronchioles - terminal bronchioles
37
respiratory diverticulum
out-pouching from pharynx
38
trachea
- seromucociliary clearance up to be swallowed - horseshoe shaped hyaline cartilage: lumen stays open - smooth muscle (dorsal wall) decr lumen diameter when contracted - elastic CT facilitates re-expanding
39
trachea - mucosa
epi: respiratory LP: loose CT, MALT Elastic lamina: eosinophilic
40
trachea - submucosa
dense fibroelastic CT - seromucous glands w ducts to surf - mucous acini: lighter staining, carb/viscous secretion - serous demilune: darker staining, protein/watery secretion * proper ion transport imp for consistency of secretions (CFTR)
41
trachea - adventitia
anterior: hyaline cartilage (horseshoe) posterior: smooth muscle = trachealis muscle
42
respiratory epithelium
pseudostr columnar, endodermally derived - columnar cells w cilia (microtubule-based, for clearance) - goblet cells - basal cells (stem) - small mucous granule cells - serous cells - small-granule cells
43
goblet cells
secrete mucous apically - microvilli (actin-based) - exocrine gland
44
small mucous granule cells
unknown, goblet cells that have released all mucus?
45
serous cells
columnar cells w serous, electron dense secretion
46
bronchi
bifucation of trachea, 8 more times branching in each lung - histologically similar to trachea - pulmonary arteries + veins in adventitia's CT
47
bronchial branching
- resp epi, decrease in goblet cells - LP: incr in elastic fibers - smooth muscle at mucosal/submucosal interface - regulates air conduction - submucosal glands decr - adventitia: hyaline cartilage becoming small, discontinuous plates
48
bronchioles
branch 6 more times to reach terminal bronchioles (end of cond portion) - 500um diameter - actively change diameter of lumen - seromucous secretions v low - lubricating secretions incr to decr surf tension and keep airways open epi: simple columnar/cuboidal, cilia LP: elastic CT, smooth muscle submucosa: no glands adventitia: no cartilage
49
bronchiolar epithelium
simple columnar w clara cells and some cilia - tight junctions - no goblet cells
50
clara cells
in bronchiolar epithelium - make lipoproteins - lots of SER - apical exocytosis - lubricating + anti-inflammatory secretions - detoxification enzymes
51
respiratory portion of respiratory system
- respiratory bronchioles - alveoli proper
52
respiratory bronchioles
short stretches of bronchiolar epi - interspersed w alveoli
53
alveoli proper
cluster around alveolar ducts at the ends of resp bronchioles - sites of gas exchange w alveolar capillaries
54
alveolar capillaries
terminal ends of branches of pulmonary arteries
55
alveoli - epi
simple squamous (type I pneumocytes) and simple cuboidal (type II pneumocytes)
56
alveoli - mucosa + submucosa
no smooth muscle elastic fibers prominent for recoil interalveolar septae
57
alveoli - adventitia
sparse
58
interalveolar septae
reticular CT between alveoli
59
dust cells
alveolar macrophages - patrol respiratory tissues + clear particulates from alveoli - migrate across respiratory epithelium/pneumocytes to enter alveoli - longterm inflammation leads to destruction of interalveolar septa
60
alveolar pores
connect adjacent alveoli to facilitate air pressure equalization
61
gas exchange
1. simple sq epith (type I pneumocytes) with tight junctions 2. fused basal laminae from basement membr of pneumocytes + endothelial cells 3. capillary endothelial cells with tight junctions
62
type II pneumocyte
in epith of alveoli, secrete surfactant - surfactant: phospholipoprotein in secretory vesicles = lamellar bodies - remains associated w apical surf of type I&II cells - decr surf tension, helps keep alveoli open
63
emphysema/copd
breakdown of interalveolar septa - large gaps in alveolar tissue - no type I pneumocytes anymore, just bronchiolar tissue + smooth muscle - no gas exchange

caps 390 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions