nervous system

Question 1

neurons

Answer 1

50% of cells in nervous system
- excitable, neurotransmission

Question 2

general function of nervous system

Answer 2

• detect + analyze sensory input
• coordination
• learning
• interacting with environment

Question 3

CNS

Answer 3

brain + spinal cord

Question 4

PNS

Answer 4

all nerves, motor/sensory info

Question 5

pre-central gyrus

Answer 5

1* motor cortex
- limbs medial, face lateral

Question 6

post-central gyrus

Answer 6

1* sensory cortex
- limbs medial, face lateral

Question 7

association cortices

Answer 7

make up most of cortical mantle
- integrate between brain regions -> cognition

Question 8

grey matter

Answer 8

cell bodies

Question 9

white matter

Answer 9

myealinated nerve fibers

Question 10

dorsal horn

Answer 10

sensory

Question 11

ventral horn

Answer 11

motor

Question 12

dorsal root ganglion

Answer 12

sensory neuronal cell bodies (PNS to CNS)

Question 13

dendrites

Answer 13

receptive, conduct impulse to cell body
- mitochondria, SER, MTs, neurofilaments
- NO golgi

Question 14

soma

Answer 14

nucleus, golgi, RER
Nissl body: RER
- Nissl stain reacts with acids

Question 15

axon

Answer 15

conductive, sends impulses away from cell body
- mitochondria, MTs, and SER
- NO RER

Question 16

microtubules

Answer 16

in axons and dendrites
- anterograde: load and transport vesicles to axon terminals
- retrograde: reuptake and recycle NT material to cell body

transport of mitochondria, proteins, structural components

Question 17

synaptic transmission

Answer 17

1. vesicle loading near cell body
2. vesicle transport w MT
3. depolarization
4. fusion/exocytosis
5. NT binding
6. Depolarization

Question 18

glia

Answer 18

non-conducting, but enhance transmission
- structural support
- provide nutrients for growth and maintenance
- immune function
- biochemical (regulate AP velocity)

Question 19

heavy myelination

Answer 19

less leaky + energy consuming
- impulse propagation more efficient (nodes) and faster
- somatic motor neurons
- acute pain sensory neurons

Question 20

moderate or un-myelinated

Answer 20

leak Na+ ions
- channels must open along entire length (inefficient)
- slow
- autonomic motor neurons
- chronic pain sensory neurons

Question 21

multiple sclerosis

Answer 21

loss of myelin (autoimmune)

Question 22

myelinating schwann cells

Answer 22

PNS, produce myelin sheath

Question 23

unmyelinating schwann cells

Answer 23

PNS, axon maintenance and repair
- can have multiple nerve axons nearby

Question 24

oligodendrocyte

Answer 24

CNS, produce myelin
- can contact >60 axons

Question 25

microglia

Answer 25

shield neurons from injury - extend and retract processes to sites of injury - stimulated by chemoattractants

Question 26

protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes

Answer 26

scavenge ions, supply nutrients to neurons - contact blood vessels - secrete factors with either barrier-promoting or barrier-disrupting properties (BBB)

Question 27

brain homeostasis

Answer 27

capillary neural endothelium ependymal cells

Question 28

capillary neural endothelium

Answer 28

tight lining of blood vessels - BBB - continuous tight junctions - restrict large molecules can pass: lipid-soluble, astrocyte processes, membrane-bound pumps for water-soluble molec (CSF)

Question 29

ependymal cells

Answer 29

lining of brain - synth + secrete CSF into ventricular system - part of BBB

Question 30

ventricular system

Answer 30

contains CSF - 4 cavities

Question 31

cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 31

liquid cushion, contains nutrients and NTs - within 3rd and 4th ventricle, the choroid plexus prod CSF - tight junctions between epithelial cells control fluid release

Question 32

choroid plexus

Answer 32

produces CSF - ependymal cells of 3rd + 4th ventricles and capillaries (tela choroidea) - separates blood from CSF (BBB)

Question 33

CSF circulation

Answer 33

- ions, water, organic molec filter out of CP capillaries into ISF, then into CP epithelium (active transport) - CSF secreted into ventricles

Question 34

meninges

Answer 34

dura mater (outside), arachnoid mater, subarachnoid space (CSF), pia mater