Female Repro

Question 1

In general, what organs are in the female reproductive system?

Answer 1

2 ovaries, 2 fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia, mammary glands

Question 2

The ovary is the female _______ producing both eggs and ________.

Answer 2

Gonad

Hormone

Question 3

Where are the ovaries? How big are they?

Answer 3

A paired organ, one on each side, the size of an almond, in pelvic cavity
Lie on either side of the uterus

Question 4

What is the capsule of the ovary?

Answer 4

tenia albuginea

Question 5

What three ligaments hold the ovary in place?

Answer 5

Broad ligament
Ovarian ligament
Suspensory ligament

Question 6

What does the broad ligament of the ovary do?

What is it?

Answer 6

Peritoneal “fold” that covers the uterus

Supports the fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, and ovary

Question 7

What do the ovarian ligament and suspensory ligament do?

Answer 7

Ovarian ligament- Anchors each ovary medially to the uterus

Suspensory ligament- Anchors the ovary laterally to the pelvic wall, vasculature travels thru it

Question 8

The ovary is indistinctly divided into the ________ where eggs develop, and a superficial area, the ______ occupied by arteries and veins

Answer 8

Cortex

Medulla

Question 9

How is the ovary supplied with blood?

Answer 9

Ovarian artery comes off abd. aorta and comes through suspensory ligament
Anastomosis with uterine artery, which comes from the internal iliac

Question 10

Each egg develops in its own fluid-filled bubble-like ______. The follicle bursts open to release the ____ after the egg is finished developing.

Answer 10

follicle

egg

Question 11

What is egg production called?

Answer 11

Oogenesis

Question 12

When the ________ ______ (______ _____) enlarges, oocyte “sits” on a stalk on granular cells in an antrum (fluid-filled cavity), forms a bulge at the surface of ovary, and then ______ occurs.

Answer 12

Tertiary follicle- (Graafian follicle)

ovulation

Question 13

If the egg is fertilized, meiosis II is completed and we now have a _______.

Answer 13

zygote

Question 14

Corpus luteum is a “_______” body and corpus ________ is a “white” body.

Answer 14

Yellow

Albicans

Question 15

How does the corpus lutea develop?

Answer 15

When the follicle ruptures, the egg goes out and the follicle collapses upon itself
This collapsed follicle develops into the corpus lutea

Question 16

What hormone stimulates the development of the corpus lutea?

Answer 16

LH

Question 17

What hormones does the corpus lutea secrete? What do they do?

Answer 17

progesterone and some estrogen, which prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy

Question 18

If pregnancy occurs, the _____ will take over production of progesterone and estrogen from the corpus lutea

Answer 18

placenta

Question 19

How is the corpus albicans formed?

Answer 19

Corpus luteum degenerates into an inactive bit of scar tissue, which is the corpus albicans

Question 20

At what times does the corpus albicans form?

Answer 20

If pregnant- after 17 weeks the placenta takes over, get corpus albicans
If not pregnant- 8 days after ovulation, corpus luteum becomes the corpus albicans

Question 21

Where is the fallopian tube? How long is it?

Answer 21

Locates at superior margin of the broad ligament
10 cm long tubes open into the uterus
Near the ovary, it opens into the peritoneal cavity

Question 22

What are the 4 components of the fallopian tube?

Answer 22

Isthmus → Ampulla → Infundibulum → Fimbriae

Question 23

On the fallopian tube, the ______ is a narrow section that enlarges as the ______. The infundibulum flares like a trumpet, ending in the finger-like projections called _______ to “catch” eggs.

Answer 23

Isthmus
Ampulla
infundibulum
fimbriae

Question 24

What two kinds of cells are in the mucosa of the fallopian tube? What do they do?

Answer 24

1- ciliated columnar to advance egg

2- non-ciliated columnar to nourish the egg

Question 25

What two layers make up the muscularis? What is the outermost layer of the fallopian tube called?

Answer 25

Muscularis- inner circular, outer longitudinal

Serosa

Question 26

Where does fertilization usually occur?

Answer 26

In the ampulla of the fallopian tube

Question 27

Describe the uterus. Simply, what does it do?

Answer 27

A hollow, muscular organ, 3 in long, 2 in wide, comparable to a pear
Houses and nourishes the developing embryo and fetus
Tilts over the urinary bladder

Question 28

What are the three parts of the uterus?

Answer 28

1- Fundus- Superior, rounded portion
2- Body- Main portion, most of the uterus is the body
3- Cervix- Inferior, narrow portion. Projects into the vagina inferiorly

Question 29

What are the three histo layers of the uterus?

Answer 29

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

Question 30

What is the perimetrium?

Answer 30

Outermost serous layer

Question 31

What is the myometrium?

Answer 31

Bulk of the uterine wall
Bundles of smooth muscle sweep down from the fundus
Spiral around the uterus

Question 32

What part of the uterus does oxytocin target?

Answer 32

Myometrium

Question 33

Generally, what is endometrium?

Answer 33

Is the inner/mucosa layer of the uterus

Simple columnar epithelium, a thick lamina propria, numerous uterine glands

Question 34

What are the layers of endometrium?

Answer 34

Stratum functionalis

Stratum basalis

Question 35

What is the stratum functionalis?

Answer 35

Layer closest to the uterine cavity
Shed during menstruation
Site of attachment of embryo
This stratum is the ⅔ of the endometrium that is shed every month

Question 36

What is the stratum basalis?

Answer 36

The deep layer of endometrium
This layer is permanent
Unresponsive to ovarian hormones