Female Reproductive

Question 1

Where is GnRH produced?

Answer 1

Hypothalamus

Question 2

GnRH stimulates production of

Answer 2

FSH

LH

Question 3

What does the FSH do in the male?

Answer 3

Stimulates spermatogenesis (PRODUCTION OF SPERM)

Question 4

What does FSH do in female?

Answer 4

Stimulates development of follicle (egg)

Question 5

What does LH do in the male?

Answer 5

Secretes testosterone by the interstitial cells

Question 6

What does LH do in the female?

Answer 6

LH surge leads to ovulation

Question 7

Functions of testosterone

Answer 7

Stimulates spermatogenesis

Affects sexual drive (libido)

Stimulate metabolism

Stimulate male secondary sexual characteristics

Maintains accessory glands and organs of male reproductive tract

Question 8

Function of progesterone

Answer 8

Stimulate endometrial (THIS IS A LAYER OF UTERUS) growth and secretion

Question 9

Functions of estrogen

Answer 9

Stimulating bone and muscle growth

Stimulates female secondary sexual characteristics

Initiating repair and growth of endometrium

Question 10

What are the principle organs of the female reproductive system?

Answer 10

Ovaries (gonads, and there’s 2 of them)

Uterine tubes

Uterus

Vagina

Question 11

Where do blood vessels enter the ovary

Answer 11

At ovarian hilus

Question 12

What covers the ovary

Answer 12

Tunica albuginea

Question 13

What ligaments hold the ovaries

Answer 13

Ovarian and suspensions ligaments

Question 14

Oogenesis

Answer 14

Egg/ ovum production

Produces haploid gametes by means of meiosis

Question 15

How often does oogenesis occur

Answer 15

Monthly in ovarian follicles

Question 16

Phases of ovarian cycle

Answer 16

Follicular phase (preovulatory)

Luteal phase
Post ovulatory

Question 17

Follicular phase

Answer 17

Increase size of follicle

Occurs before ovulation

Days 1-14
Includes pre-ovulatory phase

Most variable part of cycle

FSH stimulates follicles to grow and secrete estradiol

Question 18

Luteal phase

Answer 18

Occurs after ovulation

Question 19

What are the steps in the ovarian cycle

Answer 19

1. Formation of primary, secondary, and tertiary follicles
2. Ovulation
3. Formation and degeneration of the corpus luteum

Corpus luteum begins to degenerate 12 days after ovulation if there is no fertilization (THIS PART WILL SHED)

4. Degrading of corpus luteum

Question 20

How long is a normal cycle?

Answer 20

28 days

+/- 7 days

First day of menstration = first day of cycle

Question 21

How many eggs are female born with

Answer 21

2 million eggs

Question 22

Ovulation

Answer 22

Rupture of mature follicle and release of the ovum

Happens day 14

Estradiol stimulates a surge of LH and a smaller amount of FSH

LH stimulates primary oocyte completes meiosis I (MAKES SECONDARY OOCYTE)

Question 23

What are the parts of the uterine tubes

Answer 23

Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus

Question 24

What are the other names for uterine tubes

Answer 24

Fallopian tubes

Oviductss

Question 25

Structure of infundibulum

Answer 25

End of infundibulum closest to the ovary has numerous fingerlike projections (THIS IS CALLED FIMBRIAE)

Question 26

What is the middle portion of the uterine tubes

Answer 26

Ampulla

Question 27

Structure of isthmus

Answer 27

A short segment connected to uterine wall

Question 28

Each uterine tube opens directly into

Answer 28

Uterine wall

Question 29

When does fertilization occur in the uterine tube

Answer 29

12-24 hours after ovulation

Question 30

What are the functions of the uterus

Answer 30

Mechanical protection Nutritional support Waste removal for the developing embryo and fetus

Question 31

List the layers of the uterine wall from outside to inside

Answer 31

Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium

Question 32

Perimetrium

Answer 32

External serosa layer

Question 33

Myometrium

Answer 33

Middle muscular layer Is majority of the uterine wall Composed mainly of smooth muscle Produces labor contractions, expels fetus

Question 34

Endometrium

Answer 34

Inner mucosa Simple columnar epithelium Has two layers: functional layer, and basal layer

Question 35

Functional layer (stratum functionalis)

Answer 35

Superficial half, shed each menstrual period

Question 36

Basal layer (stratum basalis)

Answer 36

Deep layer Stays behind and regenerates a new stratum functionalis with each menstrual cycle

Question 37

What is the function of the endometrium during pregnancy?

Answer 37

Endometrium is the site of attachment of embryo Forms the maternal part of the placenta from which the fetus is nourished

Question 38

What are the 3 phases of uterine cycle

Answer 38

Menses Proliferative phase Secretory phase

Question 39

Uterine cycle continues from _____ to ______

Answer 39

Uterine cycle continues from menarche (the first menstruation) to menopause (the last menstruation)

Question 40

Menes

Answer 40

Menstruation phase Degeneration of the endometrium (SHEDS THIS LAYER) Menstruation

Question 41

Proliferative phase

Answer 41

Restoration of the endometrium

Question 42

Secretory phase

Answer 42

Endometrial glands enlarge and accelerate their rates of secretion

Question 43

What do the hormones of the female reproductive cycle do

Answer 43

Control the reproductive cycle Coordinate the ovarian and uterine cycles

Question 44

What does estradiol/estrogen stimulate in puberty

Answer 44

Stimulate growth of ovaries and secondary sex organs Stimulates growth hormone secretion (Height and widening of pelvis) Stimulates fat deposition (breast and hips)

Question 45

What is the function of progesterone

Answer 45

Primarily act on uterus preparing it for pregnancy in second half of menstrual cycle

Question 46

Estrogens and progesterone suppress FSH and LH secretion through ____

Answer 46

Negative feedback

Question 47

Menopause

Answer 47

NO PROGESTERONE SECRETION 45-55 years old Decline in circulating estrogen and progesterone Rise in GnRH, FSH, LH THIS IS BC ESTROGEN IS NO LONGER THERE TO STOP HORMONE SECRETION