Metabolism 2

Question 1

Metabolism

Answer 1

Entire network of chemical processes involved in maintaining life

Question 2

Metabolic pathway

Answer 2

Biochemical reactions that occur in progression from beginning to end

Question 3

Catabolic pathway

Answer 3

Breaks down compounds into smaller units

Question 4

What are examples of what catabolism breaks down and what the end result is

Answer 4

Protein, carbohydrates, and fat

Get broken down into

CO2
H2O
NH3

Question 5

Anabolic pathway

Answer 5

Users small, simpler compounds to build larger more complex compounds

Question 6

What are examples of what anabolism breaks down and the end result

Answer 6

Amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, and glycerol

Breaks down into

Proteins
Glycogen
Triglycerides
Other lipids

Question 7

ATP is generated through

Answer 7

Cellular respiration

It oxidizes food molecules to obtain energy

Question 8

Aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule has a net gain of….

Answer 8

30-32 ATP

Question 9

Anaerobic respiration of one glucose molecule has a net gain of ….

Answer 9

2 ATP

Question 10

Aerobic cellular respiration of glucose stages

Answer 10

Glycolysis

Transition reaction

Citric acid cycle, (TCA Cycle or Krebs cycle)

Electron transport system

Question 11

Glycolysis is located in ….

Answer 11

Cytosol

Question 12

What are the start and end products of glycolysis

Answer 12

Start: glucose

End: 2 molecules of pyruvate

Question 13

What are the start and end products of transition reaction

Answer 13

Start: pyruvate

End: acetyl CoA

Question 14

Where does transition reaction occur

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

Where is citric acid cycle located

Answer 15

Mitochondria

Question 16

What happens in the third stage of aerobic cellular respiration of glucose? (AKA KREBS CYCLE)

Answer 16

Acetyl CoA enters the cycle

Question 17

What happens in electron transport systems rage

Answer 17

NADH+, H+, FADH2 are all oxidized to NAD+, and FAD

Question 18

Where does the electron transport system occur

Answer 18

Mitochondria

Question 19

Anaerobic metabolism

Answer 19

Occurs in cells with no mitochondria or cells that utilize it when there is no oxygen

Pyruvate turns into lactate

Lactate is picked up by the liver

Liver synthesizes compounds used in aerobic metabolism from lactate

Pyruvate + NADH + H ——> 2 lactate + NAD+

Question 20

ATP production from fats

Answer 20

Release of energy trapped in triglycerides

Lipolysis

Fatty acid oxidation

Beta oxidation

Question 21

Lipolysis

Answer 21

Triglycerides broken down into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 22

Fatty acid oxidation

Answer 22

Takes place in mitochondria

Carnitine moves fatty acids from cytosol into mitochondria

Question 23

Beta oxidation

Answer 23

Yields acetyl CoA

Question 24

fat metabolism

Answer 24

split carbons (2 at a time) to convert into acetyl CoA

each acetyl CoA molecule made enters TCA

fatty acids have more carbon-hydrogen bonds and yield more energy than carbohydrates

provides required oxaloacetate to enter TCA

Question 25

what are 2 types of acids humans cant make

Answer 25

linoleNic acid linoleic acid

Question 26

lineoleNic acid and linoleic acid are essential for

Answer 26

metabolic processes producing eicosanoids (hormone like compounds)

Question 27

eicosanoids are signaling molecules made from

Answer 27

omega 3 and omega 6

Question 28

ketogenesis

Answer 28

ketone bodies formed by incomplete fatty acid oxidation

Question 29

what do most ketone bodies convert into

Answer 29

Acetyl CoA

Question 30

ketone bodies in the form of acetone gets to the lungs and gives

Answer 30

a fruit smell characteristic of people with ketosis

Question 31

forms of protein metabolism

Answer 31

gluconeogenesis deamination

Question 32

gluconeogenesis

Answer 32

forming glucose from amino acids and other compounds

Question 33

deamination

Answer 33

amino acid loses the amine group, amino acid and carbon skeleton enters TCA cycle requires vitamin B6

Question 34

what are the types of synthesis of non essential amino acids

Answer 34

transamination deamination

Question 35

transamination

Answer 35

transfer of an amine group from an amino acid to a carbon skeleton to form a new amino acid

Question 36

nonessential amino acids

Answer 36

body can produce

Question 37

conditionally essential amino acids

Answer 37

essential during infancy, disease or trauma

Question 38

essential amino acids

Answer 38

must be taken in by food