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BPK 307 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the primary sex organs and what is there function

A

Ovaries
Responsible for gamete production

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2
Q

Name accessory sex organs

A

Vagina
Uterus
Clitoris

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3
Q

What are the secondary sex characteristics and how/when do they occur

A

Breast and mammary gland development
Wide pelvic structure
Bone density
Fat deposition pattern
During puberty- mediated by estrogen

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4
Q

Uterus layers

A

Myometrium- muscle layer- contractile
Endometrium- tissue build up and shed

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5
Q

What is it called when the egg implants in uterine tube

A

Ectopic pregnancy

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6
Q

Role of cilia and peg cells on fimbrae

A

Cilia- beat to pull ovum near uterine duct
Peg- secrete nutrients for ovum and sperm

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7
Q

Which external skin have hair and don’t have hair

A

Hair- labium majora, mons pubis
No hair- labium minora

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8
Q

When are primary follicles made

A

Within 5 months of gestation

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9
Q

What is syngamy

A

Union of egg and sperm

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10
Q

Where does the embryo implant

A

Endometrium

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11
Q

Functions of female sex organs

A
  • oogenesis
    -facilitating syngamy
  • provide site for implantation of embryo
  • provide physical environment and nutritional needs for developing fetus
  • provide pathway for parturition and nourish the neonate
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12
Q

Number oocytes locked in prophase 1

A

7 million

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13
Q

Number oocytes at puberty

A

300 000

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14
Q

Number eggs full maturation

A

450

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15
Q

What are polar bodies

A

Byproduct that do not become fertilized

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16
Q

Steps of oogenesis

A
  • primordial follicles appear in mid-gestation and divide (mitosis) until 5th month
  • 7 million potential primary oocytes enter meiosis 1 and are locked in prophase 1
  • reduce to 300 000 by puberty (level of reproductive maturity) that undergo further development
  • most oogonium never progress to full maturity- estimated 450 eggs mature and release during ovulation
  • oocytes locked in M1 until ovulation, M2 completed after fertilization
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17
Q

What is oogenesis

A

Develop ovum through maturation to level needed for fertilization

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18
Q

How many primary follicles will start to mature

A

6-12 follicles

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19
Q

What is the sperm binding site on an egg

A

Zona pellucida (ZP1, ZP2 proteins)

20
Q

What hormone is high in primary follicle

A

FSH

21
Q

What happens to primary follicle as it changes to preantral follicle

A

More LH and FSH receptors
(the egg with the most receptors is chosen for development)

22
Q

What hormones stimulate the growth of primary follicles

A

FSH and LH

23
Q

What hormone do primary follicles produce

A

Estrogen

24
Q

What kind of receptors are on thecal cells

A

LH receptors

25
Q

Follicular phase- follicle stages of development

A

Primordial follicle
- ovum and ganulosa cells
- pre puberty
- ovarian reserve
Primary follicle
- FSH
- 6-12 follicles
- start to have LH and FSH receptors during transition
Preantral follicle
- zona pellucida
Antral follicle
- antrum
- thecal cells
Preovulatory (mature) follicle
- granulosa cells
Graafian follicle
- susceptible to LH and follicle expelled

26
Q

What do thecal cells produce

A

Progesterone and androgens and estrogen?

27
Q

What is the antrum

A

Fluid filled sac in follicle

28
Q

What are granulosa cells

A

Surround ovum and make up follicle
Increased FSH and LH receptors

29
Q

What does LH surge cause

A
  • rupture Graafian follicle
  • expulsion of antrum fluid and mature ovum
30
Q

What is the corpus luteum, what does it become, what does it secrete, what is its function

A
  • left over thecal and granulosa cells
  • LH causes corpus luteum formation
  • becomes endocrine gland that secretes estrogen and progesterone
  • helps with endometrium lining in case the egg is fertilized
31
Q

What is leutinization

A

Formation of corpus luteum

32
Q

Lifespan of corpus luteum

A

degenerate within two weeks if no HCG

33
Q

How many days to become Graafian follicle

A

25-45 days

34
Q

Early antral follicle properties

A
  • FSH dependent
  • low estrogen levels
  • estrogen has negative feedback on anterior pituitary saying “no more FSH/LH since I’m here”
35
Q

Recruitable antral follicle properties (late stage)

A
  • high estrogen
  • switch from negative to positive feedback
  • true endocrine gland
36
Q

What do granulosa cells secrete and why

A

Progesterone to maintain endometrium lining

37
Q

What causes the follicle to rupture

A
  • LH surge, granulosa cells secrete progesterone and estrogen levels decrease
  • theca interna releases proteolytic enzymes= collagenase (cause stigma weaken- ovary surface and follicle swell)
  • rapid blood vessel growth and prostaglandin secretion (follicle swells)
38
Q

Progesterone function for accessory sex organs

A

Maintain endometrium lining

39
Q

What does HCG stand for, what does it do, when is it produced

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin- produced if fertilization occurs
- allows corpus luteum to maintain endometrium and prepare mammary glands for lactation

40
Q

What does the corpus luteum produce if pregnancy occurs? Why is this important

A

Progesterone and estrogen
- to inhibit LH/FSH so that no ovulation occurs

41
Q

What is the corpus albicans and when does it occur

A

White tissue
- lose of lipids, lose function, tissue reabsorbed
Occurs when no HCG

42
Q

Explain luteal phase of ovarian cycle

A
  • Expulsion of ovum
  • granulosa and theca interna cells become leutin cells (high LH for leutinization)
  • leutinization- formation of corpus luteum (enlarge and fill with lipid inclusions)
  • corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen (granulosa) and androgens (theca cells)
  • corpus albicans degenerates and loose secretory function- involution (shrink)
  • reabsorbed in absence of HCG
43
Q

Name all the phases of the ovarian and endometrial cycle. Include the main hormone involved and it’s function during the stage

A

Ovarian cycle
- follicular phase: FSH- follicle growth
- ovulation (day 14): LH- allows follicle rupture
-luteal phase: progesterone (and estrogen)- maintain endometrium

Endometrial cycle
- menses (3-5 days)
- proliferation phase: rising estrogen (and progesterone)- build up endometrium lining
- secretory phase: progesterone (and estrogen)- maintain endometrium
*inhibins feedback to regulate FSH and LH

44
Q

What causes endometrium to shed

A

Drop in progesterone levels

45
Q

When does atresia happen?

A

Falling FSH
- one dominant follicle picked, rest atresia

46
Q

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

A

Explain

BPK 307 (13 decks)

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