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BPK 307 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q

What are the general functions of male sex organs

A

Endocrine- stay in body
Exocrine- leave body

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2
Q

Major functions of male sex organs

A

1 spermatogenesis
2 semen production
3 maintenance of secondary sex characteristics and libido

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3
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Sperm production

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4
Q

What is included in semen

A

Sperm, seminal fluid, prostate fluid

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5
Q

Function of seminal and prostate fluid

A

Lubricant
Nourishment for sperm
Buffer acidic environment of vagina

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6
Q

How does sperm change with age, why

A

Count and quality decrease
Because T levels fall with age

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7
Q

How does sperm cycle work

A

Different stages no cyclicity
70 days

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8
Q

What is in seminal fluid, what % of semen volume

A

Fructose, prostaglandins, semenogelins
60% semen volume

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9
Q

What is in prostate fluid, what % of semen

A

Citrate, zinc, PSA (alkaline)
30% semen volume

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10
Q

Function of testes

A

Sperm production in seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

Function of epididymis

A

Sperm storage for week to months- where sperm matures

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12
Q

Function of vas deferens

A

Carry sperm to urethra

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13
Q

Function of seminal vesicle

A

Adds proteins, enzymes, fructose (fructose for energy)

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14
Q

Function of prostate

A

Adds fluid, zinc (stabilize chromosomal DNA), citrate, PSA (prostate specific antigen)

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15
Q

Prostatic urethra location

A

From bladder to prostate
Seminal vesicle connects to urethra here via ejaculatory duct

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16
Q

Bulbous urethra location

A

Section after prostatic urethra Into glans
Bulbourethral gland connects to urethra here via duct

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17
Q

Penile urethra location

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A

Section through the glans penis

18
Q

Temperature of testes

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A

2 degrees cooler than body

19
Q

What is in intratubular compartment of testes

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A

Seminiferous epithelium (sperm cells and Sertoli cells)

20
Q

What is in peritubular compartment of testes

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A

Connective tissue, vascular tissue, immune cells, Leydig cells

21
Q

Location intratubular vs peritubular compartments of testis

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A

Intratubular- within seminiferous tubules
Peritubular- between seminiferous tubules

22
Q

What is the BTB

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A

Blood testes barrier

23
Q

Qualities of sperm after maturation

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A
  • progressive increase in forward motility
  • increased ability to fertilize
  • maturation of acrosome (outer layer of head)
  • molecular reorganization of plasma membrane (lipids- stabilize plasma membrane, proteins- shedding and acquisition of new proteins)
  • ability to bind to zona pellucida
  • acquisition of receptors for proteins of the zona pellucida
  • increased disulfide bonds between cysteine residues in sperm nucleoproteins
  • topographic regionalization of glycosidic residues
  • accumulation of mannosylated residues on the periacrosomal plasma membrane
  • decreased cytoplasm and cell volume
24
Q

changes to sperm during maturation

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A

Motility
Metabolism
Morphology
Decapacitation

25
Maturation of sperm stages
Spermatogonia-> primary spermatocyte-> secondary Spermatocyte-> spermatid
26
Normal sperm count # and ejaculatory volume
60-100 million sperm per mL 3-4 mL per ejaculate
27
Number of sperm when infertile and % reductions of mobility and morphology
Less than 20 million per mL Less than 50% motile Less than 60% normal morphology
28
What is capacitation and where does it happen
Change sperm undergo in female reproductive tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg- acrosome reaction Required for fertilization to occur Happens in female reproductive tract
29
Name roles of Sertoli cells
- peripheral conversion of T into E2 (via aromatase) - T and FSH required for spermatogenesis (receptors on Sertoli cells) - high local T concentration androgen binding protein (ABP) - secrete fluid- bathes developing sperm and aids their movement - engulf residual bodies - produce AMH - produce inhibins and activins
30
When are testosterone levels highest and second highest in life? At what age do they tend to deplete
Highest- adult (18) Second- in mother (3-6 months) Deplete after senescence (after 60)
31
Provide example of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis using GnRH
- parvicellular neurons secrete GnRH - action potential releases LH and FSH - LH acts on Leydig cells to cause T production - FSH acts on Sertoli cells to concentrate T and convert to E2 and DHT
32
What does LH primarily act on in males
Leydig cells Cause T production
33
What does FSH primarily act on in males
Sertoli cells Concentrate T and convert to E2 and DTH
34
Where is ABP produced
Sertoli cells
35
Why would an individual want to take anabolic steroids
Enhance protein content of muscle fibres (hypertrophy)
36
What do anabolic steroids do in the body hormonally
Enhance negative feedback resulting in lower LH levels and T levels (and lower intracellular T)
37
What do anabolic steroids do physically to the body
Enhance muscle mass but smaller testes and reduced spermatogenesis
38
What are the functions of T
1. Maintain blood testes barrier 2. Complete meiosis 3. Adhere spermatids to Sertoli cells during elongation 4. Release sperm into epididymis
39
What kind of receptors do sperm contain and why important
E2 receptors Needed for effective spermatogenesis Proven when men lacking aromatase have impaired sperm production and are tall (b/c E2 function in closing epiphyseal plates)
40
Name the 3 main feedback routes for hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis
1. Circulating androgens (T) inhibit pulsatile GnRH release 2. Circulating androgens (T) inhibit AP 3. Inhibin (Sertoli cells) inhibit AP/FSH
41
What location of testosterone can feedback to hypothalamus
Only plasma T (NOT TESTES T)

BPK 307 (13 decks)

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