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BPK 307 > Male Reproductive > Flashcards

Male Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

What are the general functions of male sex organs

A

Endocrine- stay in body
Exocrine- leave body

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2
Q

Major functions of male sex organs

A

1 spermatogenesis
2 semen production
3 maintenance of secondary sex characteristics and libido

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3
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Sperm production

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4
Q

What is included in semen

A

Sperm, seminal fluid, prostate fluid

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5
Q

Function of seminal and prostate fluid

A

Lubricant
Nourishment for sperm
Buffer acidic environment of vagina

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6
Q

How does sperm change with age, why

A

Count and quality decrease
Because T levels fall with age

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7
Q

How does sperm cycle work

A

Different stages no cyclicity
70 days

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8
Q

What is in seminal fluid, what % of semen volume

A

Fructose, prostaglandins, semenogelins
60% semen volume

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9
Q

What is in prostate fluid, what % of semen

A

Citrate, zinc, PSA (alkaline)
30% semen volume

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10
Q

Function of testes

A

Sperm production in seminiferous tubules

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11
Q

Function of epididymis

A

Sperm storage for week to months- where sperm matures

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12
Q

Function of vas deferens

A

Carry sperm to urethra

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13
Q

Function of seminal vesicle

A

Adds proteins, enzymes, fructose (fructose for energy)

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14
Q

Function of prostate

A

Adds fluid, zinc (stabilize chromosomal DNA), citrate, PSA (prostate specific antigen)

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15
Q

Prostatic urethra location

A

From bladder to prostate
Seminal vesicle connects to urethra here via ejaculatory duct

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16
Q

Bulbous urethra location

A

Section after prostatic urethra Into glans
Bulbourethral gland connects to urethra here via duct

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17
Q

Penile urethra location

A

Section through the glans penis

18
Q

Temperature of testes

A

2 degrees cooler than body

19
Q

What is in intratubular compartment of testes

A

Seminiferous epithelium (sperm cells and Sertoli cells)

20
Q

What is in peritubular compartment of testes

A

Connective tissue, vascular tissue, immune cells, Leydig cells

21
Q

Location intratubular vs peritubular compartments of testis

A

Intratubular- within seminiferous tubules
Peritubular- between seminiferous tubules

22
Q

What is the BTB

A

Blood testes barrier

23
Q

Qualities of sperm after maturation

A
  • progressive increase in forward motility
  • increased ability to fertilize
  • maturation of acrosome (outer layer of head)
  • molecular reorganization of plasma membrane (lipids- stabilize plasma membrane, proteins- shedding and acquisition of new proteins)
  • ability to bind to zona pellucida
  • acquisition of receptors for proteins of the zona pellucida
  • increased disulfide bonds between cysteine residues in sperm nucleoproteins
  • topographic regionalization of glycosidic residues
  • accumulation of mannosylated residues on the periacrosomal plasma membrane
  • decreased cytoplasm and cell volume
24
Q

changes to sperm during maturation

A

Motility
Metabolism
Morphology
Decapacitation

25
Q

Maturation of sperm stages

A

Spermatogonia-> primary spermatocyte-> secondary Spermatocyte-> spermatid

26
Q

Normal sperm count # and ejaculatory volume

A

60-100 million sperm per mL
3-4 mL per ejaculate

27
Q

Number of sperm when infertile and % reductions of mobility and morphology

A

Less than 20 million per mL
Less than 50% motile
Less than 60% normal morphology

28
Q

What is capacitation and where does it happen

A

Change sperm undergo in female reproductive tract that enables them to penetrate and fertilize an egg- acrosome reaction
Required for fertilization to occur
Happens in female reproductive tract

29
Q

Name roles of Sertoli cells

A
  • peripheral conversion of T into E2 (via aromatase)
  • T and FSH required for spermatogenesis (receptors on Sertoli cells)
  • high local T concentration androgen binding protein (ABP)
  • secrete fluid- bathes developing sperm and aids their movement
  • engulf residual bodies
  • produce AMH
  • produce inhibins and activins
30
Q

When are testosterone levels highest and second highest in life? At what age do they tend to deplete

A

Highest- adult (18)
Second- in mother (3-6 months)
Deplete after senescence (after 60)

31
Q

Provide example of hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis using GnRH

A
  • parvicellular neurons secrete GnRH
  • action potential releases LH and FSH
  • LH acts on Leydig cells to cause T production
  • FSH acts on Sertoli cells to concentrate T and convert to E2 and DHT
32
Q

What does LH primarily act on in males

A

Leydig cells
Cause T production

33
Q

What does FSH primarily act on in males

A

Sertoli cells
Concentrate T and convert to E2 and DTH

34
Q

Where is ABP produced

A

Sertoli cells

35
Q

Why would an individual want to take anabolic steroids

A

Enhance protein content of muscle fibres (hypertrophy)

36
Q

What do anabolic steroids do in the body hormonally

A

Enhance negative feedback resulting in lower LH levels and T levels (and lower intracellular T)

37
Q

What do anabolic steroids do physically to the body

A

Enhance muscle mass but smaller testes and reduced spermatogenesis

38
Q

What are the functions of T

A
  1. Maintain blood testes barrier
  2. Complete meiosis
  3. Adhere spermatids to Sertoli cells during elongation
  4. Release sperm into epididymis
39
Q

What kind of receptors do sperm contain and why important

A

E2 receptors
Needed for effective spermatogenesis
Proven when men lacking aromatase have impaired sperm production and are tall (b/c E2 function in closing epiphyseal plates)

40
Q

Name the 3 main feedback routes for hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

A
  1. Circulating androgens (T) inhibit pulsatile GnRH release
  2. Circulating androgens (T) inhibit AP
  3. Inhibin (Sertoli cells) inhibit AP/FSH
41
Q

What location of testosterone can feedback to hypothalamus

A

Only plasma T (NOT TESTES T)

BPK 307 (13 decks)

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