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Anatomy > female reproductive system > Flashcards

female reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

the genital tissue is the same before it begins to change. The change depends on a testosterone product released in male fetuses called dihydrotesterone, DHT. The change is completed at week twelve. Without DHT, the genitals of the fetus will develop into female structures.

A

Homologous Sex Organs

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2
Q

secrete mucus for lubrication

A

vestibular glands

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3
Q

protect and cover some reproductive structures

A

labia majora

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4
Q

contain autonomic nervous system axons that stimulate arousal and sexual climax feeling

A

clitoris

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5
Q

Reproductive organs/gonads

A

ovaries

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6
Q

major hormones in the female

A

Estrogen and progesterone

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7
Q

gametes or eggs (ova, oocyte)

A

female Reproductive cells

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8
Q

union of sperm & egg =zygote

copulation, coitus, sexual intercourse

A

Fertilization

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9
Q 
uterine tubes
uterus
vagina
clitoris
mammary glands
A

Accessory sex organs

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10
Q

Primary sex organs of the female

A

ovaries

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11
Q

Paired, on either sided of uterus

Responsible for secretion of hormones

Responsible for the production of ova (oocyte, egg), produced in cortex. Within the cortex are thousands of ovarian follicles.

A

Ovaries & Oogenesis

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12
Q

are surrounded by follicle cells

A

oocytes

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13
Q

During the fetal period, the oogonia start the process of meiosis, but they are stopped at prophase I. At this point, the cells are called

A

primary oocytes.

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14
Q

The process of oogenesis occurs in a female fetus before birth. At this time, the ovary contains primordial germ cells called oogonia, which are diploid

A

Oogenesis-Before Birth

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15
Q

At birth, the ovary of a female child is estimated to contain approximately 1.5 to 2 million primordial follicles within its cortex.

The primary oocytes in the primordial follicles remain arrested in prophase I until puberty

A

Oogenesis-Before Birth

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16
Q

time when a woman is nearing menopause, estrogen levels begin to drop, typically onset between 45 and 55 years

A

Perimenopause

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17
Q

one full year without menstruation

A

Menopause

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18
Q

ovaries are inactive, and no follicles develop

A

During childhood

19
Q

some primordial follicles regress or break down. By the time she reaches puberty only about 400,000 primordial follicles remain.

A

Atresia occurs

20
Q

the hypothalamus releases GnRH, which stimulates the ant. pit. to release FSH and LH (menarche).

A

At puberty

21
Q

The levels of FSH and LH vary in a cyclical pattern and produce

A

monthly ovarian cycle

22
Q

days 1–13 (28-day cycle). Follicular phase

day 14 of cycle, release of the secondary oocyte from a vesicular follicle.

Typically only one ovary ovulates each month

A

Ovulation

23
Q

days 15–28 remaining follicle cells turn into a corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen, builds up lining, prepare for implantation

functional for 10–13 days if the secondary oocyte is not fertilized (corpus luteum)

it regresses and becomes a corpus albicans

A

Luteal phase

24
Q

Also called fallopian tubes, oviducts or uterine horns; extend laterally from both sides of the uterus toward the ovaries.

Lined with ciliated simple columnar that beat towards the uterus, peristaltic contractions of smooth muscle also helps move oocyte.

A

Uterine Tubes

25
Q

finger-like projections off the end of uterine tubes

A

Fimbriae

26
Q

In these tubes, the secondary oocyte is fertilized, and the pre-embryo begins to develop as it travels toward the uterus.

Travel time: about 5 to 6 days to reach the lumen of the uterus.

Once egg is ovulated, viability is only 12-24 hours.

A

uterine tubes

27
Q

pre-embryo implants into the inner uterine wall and becomes connected to the lining, develops into the placenta

A

Site for implantation (uterus)

28
Q

if an oocyte is not fertilized or after a baby is expelled, the muscular wall of the uterus contracts and sheds its inner lining as menstruation

A

Site for menstruation (uterus

29
Q

Regions of uterus

A

fundus, body, cervix

30
Q

endometrium (functional zone), myometrium (smooth muscle), perimetrium (serous)

Supports, protects, and nourishes the developing embryo/fetus

Ejects the fetus at birth after maternal oxytocin levels increase to initiate the uterine contractions of labor.

A

lining of uterus

31
Q

occurs approx during days 1–5 of the cycle. This phase is marked by sloughing of the functional layer and lasts through the period of menstrual bleeding.

A

Menstrual phase

32
Q

spans approx days 6–14. The initial development of the functional layer of the endometrium overlaps the time of follicle growth and estrogen secretion.

A

Proliferative phase

33
Q

occurs approx during days 15–28. Increased progesterone secretion from the corpus luteum results in increased vascularization and development of uterine glands.

If the oocyte is not fertilized, the corpus luteum degenerates, and the progesterone level drops dramatically.

Without progesterone, the functional layer lining sloughs off, and the next menstrual phase begins.

A

Secretory phase

34
Q

external sex organs in females

A

Vulva (External Genitalia )

35
Q

expanse of skin, C.T. & adipose anterior to the pubic symphysis. Covered with pubic hair in postpubescent females

A

Mons pubis (External Genitalia )

36
Q

opening between labia minora

A

Vestibule (External Genitalia )

37
Q

discharge secretions onto surface of vestibule to keep it moist during arousal

A

Vestibular glands (External Genitalia )

38
Q

glans of clitoris located at the anterior regions of the labia minora

A

Labia minora (External Genitalia )

39
Q

Located within the anterior thoracic wall.

A

Mammary Glands

40
Q

cylindrical projection at the center. Contains multiple tiny openings of the excretory ducts that secrete breast milk.

A

Nipple (Mammary Glands)

41
Q

pigmented (rosy or brownish) ring of skin around the nipple. Surface appears uneven/grainy due to numerous sebaceous glands under the surface.

A

Areola (Mammary Glands)

42
Q

produce gametes and sex hormones

A

ovary

43
Q

is a thick-walled, smooth muscle tube.

connects the uterus with the outside of the body anteroventrally.

Functions as the birth canal, copulatory organ & serves as the passageway for menstruation.

A

vagina

44
Q

Wall is heavily invested with both blood and lymphatic vessels.

Lining is stratified squamous and moistened by cervical gland secretions

Resident bacteria obtain nutrients from cervical mucous (pH 3.5-4.5) to restrict growth of other types of bacteria

A

vagina

Anatomy (7 decks)

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