Female Reproductive System

Question 1

What are the 3 parts of the uterine fallopian tube?

Answer 1

1. Infundibulum
2. Ampulla
3. Isthmus

Question 2

What is the timeline for the ovarian cycle?

Answer 2

Days 1-13: Follicular phase
Day 14: Ovulation - spike in LH
Days 15-28: Luteal phase - maintain high progesterone

Question 3

What are the two main regions of the ovary and what do they consist of?

Answer 3

1. Medulla - inner region of loose CT, BV, lymphatics, and nerves
2. Cortex - outer region with ovarian follicles

Question 4

What is the timeline for the menstrual cycle?

Answer 4

Days 1-5: Menses
Days 5-14: Proliferative phase
Days 15-26: Secretory phase
Days 27-28: Premenstrual phase

Question 5

What are primordial follicles?

Answer 5

immature follicle formed during fetal development that are waiting their turn to enter the developmental cycle prior to ovulation

Question 6

What are primary follicles?

Answer 6

Primordial follicles that enter the developmental cycle under hormonal regulation
- made of the oocyte (egg) and surrounding layer of epithelial (follicular) cells

Question 7

Follicular cells thicken into a layer of….

Answer 7

Granulosa cells that synthesize estrogens

- estrogen-rich follicular fluid forms in small antral lakes

Question 8

What is a corpus luteum?

Answer 8

The leftover granulosa and theca cells after the release of the oocyte
- secretes progesterone to stimulate the uterus

Question 9

What is involution?

Answer 9

Occurs if pregnancy does not happen

- the corpus lutein atrophies from days 14-26

Question 10

What is the corpus albicans?

Answer 10

Inactive scar tissue formed by the corpus luteum

- occurs when the level of progesterone drops and menstruation occurs

Question 11

Where do sperm wait for the egg?

Answer 11

In the isthmus of the fallopian tube

Question 12

The menstrual cycle involves the regularly recurring changes in the ______ lining which culminated in menstrual bleeding (menses)

Answer 12

Uterine

Question 13

Around puberty, the ovaries and other organs begin to respond to hormones, GnRH stimulates the anterior pituitary to release _____ and _____

Answer 13

FSH and LH

Question 14

FSH stimulates follicle development; the follicular cells then secrete ______ and _______

Answer 14

Estrogen and progesterone

Question 15

Estrogen causes a thickening of the endometrial lining of the uterus (________ phase of the menstrual cycle).

Answer 15

Proliferative

Question 16

_____ is released from its storage area in the anterior pituitary around day 14 of the cycle and causes the bulging follicular wall to burst, releasing the oocyte

Answer 16

LH

Question 17

LH then causes the remaining part f the follicle to evolve into a _______ ______

Answer 17

corpus luteum

Question 18

Corpus luteum now secretes abundant _______ which maintains the thickened and nutrient-rich uterine endometrium for implantation (_______ phase of the menstrual cycle)

Answer 18

Progesterone

Secretory

Question 19

Estrogen and progesterone ______ further release of FSH and LH, therefore no more follicles can mature and release at this time

Answer 19

Decrease

Question 20

If fertilization fails to occur the corpus luteum degenerates and forms a _____ ______

Answer 20

corpus albicans

Question 21

No corpus luteum means a sharp ______ in estrogen and progesterone and therefore the endometrial lining cannot be maintained

Answer 21

Decrease

Question 22

Low levels of estrogen and progesterone ______ the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary to secrete FSH and LH

Answer 22

Increase

Question 23

What are the external genitalia of the female called?

Answer 23

Vulva

Question 24

What is the perineal body?

Answer 24

The main supportive structure of the genitalia

- located between the vagina and anus

Question 25

What is an episiotomy?

Answer 25

Where the cut the perineal body during childbirth