FGM

Question 1

Type 1 FGM

Answer 1

Partial or complete removal of the clitoris and/or prepuce

Question 2

Type 2 FGM

Answer 2

partial or total removal of clitoris and labia minora and labia majora

Question 3

Type 3 FGM (infibulation)

Answer 3

Narrowing of vaginal opening by creating a seal from cutting and sticking of labia minora/majora

Question 4

Type 4 FGM

Answer 4

Practices such as burning, piercing and scraping to tighten the vaginal orifice

Question 5

Why is FGM done?

Answer 5

-cultural identity
-social expectations
-rites of passage
-marital fidelity

Question 6

FGM and the law:

Answer 6

-prohibition of female circumcision act 1985
-illegal to commit FGM and re-infibulation
-illegal to assist people in the procedure in countries where it’s legal
-14 years in prison

Question 7

Reporting FGM

Answer 7

-must report what type as soon as it is identified
-DOH FGM form to assess if any kids are at risk

Question 8

Immediate complications from FGM

Answer 8

-haemorrhage
-pain and shock
-urinary retention
-fractures
-death

Question 9

Life-long complications from FGM

Answer 9

-recurrent UTIs
-painful menstruation
-sexual dysfunction
-obstructed birth

Question 10

Defibulation

Answer 10

-procedure to reopen scar tissue to expose vaginal opening
-can be done antenatally or during labour
-reinfibulation is illegal
-midline incisions with haemostatic stitches after

Question 11

Risks with FGM

Answer 11

-prolonged labour
-increased perineal trauma
-EMCS
-PTSD