Infertility Flashcards
(16 cards)
Define infertility
Failure to achieve pregnancy after 12+ months of unprotected sex (WHO 2023)
Leading causes of UK infertility:
-unexplained
-ovulatory disorder
-tubal damage
-male factors
Risk factors for infertility
-age
-STI
-illness
Lifestyle advice for those struggling with infertility:
-regular sex
-BMI 19-29
-folic acid
-1 to 2 units of alcohol
NICE guideline of what to do if not conceived after 1 year:
Offer clinical assessment and semen and ovulation analysis
Female fertility investigations?
-is she ovulating?
-blood test for hormone levels
-pelvic scan
-hysteroscopy
-check ovarian reserve (AMH and AFC)
Anti mullerian hormone and antral follicle count:
How many eggs someone has left
How many classifications of ovulation disorders are there?
3
1) hypothalamic pituitary failure
2) hypothalamic pituitary ovarian dysfunction
3) ovarian failure
PCOS diagnosis and risk and treatment
-cyst seen in ovaries on scan
-oligomenorrhoea and anovulation
-increased risk of cancer, metabolic disease and pregnancy complications
-advise to lose weight, track ovulation and take metformin
Male infertility investigations
-semen analysis
-hormonal
-obstruction
What do they check when doing semen analysis:
-volume
-concentration
-morphology (shape,size,etc)
-motility (ability to move and swim)
What is IUI and who is it for?
-sperm inserted via tube into vagina
-for people unable to have sex/same sex couples
Donor rights in the UK:
-have rigorous screening
-once child reaches 18, they have the right to ask for donor details
Who is offered sperm donation:
-same sex couples
-post chemo
-IVF failure
-single women
Who is offered assisted contraception (IVF):
-tubal damage
-ovulation disorders
-people requiring genetic embryo testing
IVF timeline
Day 1-10: scans and injections to mature eggs and stop early egg release
Day 13: egg and sperm collection
Day 14: start progesterone and confirm fertilisation
Day 18: embryo transfer
