Fibrous CT

Question 1

Extracellular Matrix (ECM)

Answer 1

Gel-like substance with embedded protein fibers
In bone, mineralized
Carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes

Question 2

3 types of CT

Answer 2

Embryonic
Adult
Special: adipose, cartilage, bone, hematopoietic

Question 3

Functions of CT

Answer 3

Structural framework
Protection
Supports and interconnects other tissues
Energy storage
Transports fluid, cells, and dissolved chemicals throughout body
Defense against invasion by microorganisms

Question 4

Cells of CT

Answer 4

Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal cells
Adipocytes
Chondrocytes
Osteoblasts
Hematopoietic stem cells

Question 5

Fibroblasts

Answer 5

Produce collagens, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, elastin, and reticular fibers in ECM

Question 6

Adipocytes

Answer 6

Provide reserve energy source
Closely packed with their nuclei pushed to the side by large fat droplet
Removes lipid from blood, stores it, and releases it into the bloodstream when needed

Question 7

Mesenchymal cells

Answer 7

Multipotent

CT stem cells

Question 8

Chondrocytes

Answer 8

Produce and maintain cartilage components

Question 9

Osteoblasts

Answer 9

Produce bone components

Question 10

Hematopoietic stem cells

Answer 10

Produce RBCs and immune cells

Question 11

Fibrous ECM

Answer 11

Collagens
Elastics
Reticular fibers

Question 12

Collagens

Answer 12

Type I is most common
Fibrils are aligned and cross linked to increase tensile strength
Problems can lead to Ehlers-Danilo’s and Scurvy

Question 13

Elastin

Answer 13

Stretchable fiber
Tropoelastin
Fibulin-1
Fibrillin 1/2

Question 14

Reticular fibers

Answer 14

Forms supportive mesh work

Question 15

Marfan’s Syndrome

Answer 15

AD disease where elastin is weak
Mutation in fibrillin-I gene
Life threatening cardiovascular anomalies

Question 16

Ground Substance of ECM

Answer 16

Proteoglycans
Hyaluronan
Glycoproteins
Proenzymes

Question 17

Proteoglycans

Answer 17

Chondroitin sulfates
Heparin sulfates
Keratin sulfates

Question 18

Glycoproteins

Answer 18

Cytokines
Growth factors
Structural proteins (fibronectin, laminin, tensascins)

Question 19

Embryonic CT

Answer 19

Rich in ECM and mesenchymal stem cells (more than adult)
Some but not many collagen or reticular fibers
“Warton’s jelly” umbilical cord

Question 20

Adult mesenchymal stem cells

Answer 20

Multipotent
Become fibroblasts
muscle cells (skeletal and smooth)
Osteoblasts
Chondroblasts
Adipocytes

Question 21

Fibrous CT

Answer 21

Loose

Dense

Question 22

Loose CT

Answer 22

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular
Found immediately beneath membranous epithelia (called lamina propria) and around blood vessels, muscles, and nerves

Question 23

Areolar CT

Answer 23

Loose
Low density tissue with both fixed and wandering cells
Widespread

Question 24

Adipose

Answer 24

Fat containing tissue

Question 25

Reticular

Answer 25

Rich in reticular fibers Forms an open framework to create a supportive mesh for holding free cells Liver, bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen

Question 26

Dense CT

Answer 26

Dense irregular Dense regular Elastic

Question 27

Dense irregular CT

Answer 27

``` Collagen fibers are deposited in a random pattern Dermis Fascia Perichondrium and periosteum Fibroblasts are the principle cell type ```

Question 28

Dense regular CT

Answer 28

``` Collagen fibers are deposited in a highly regular pattern Tendons connecting muscle to bone Fibroblasts=principle cell type Resists pulling forces Poorly vascularized ```

Question 29

Elastic CT

Answer 29

``` Rich in elastin fibers Recoil of tissue following stretching Walls of blood vessels Bronchioles tubes Special ligaments (ligamentum nuchae) ```

Question 30

Cell types in loose areolar CT

Answer 30

``` Fibroblasts Adipocytes Mesenchymal cells Macrophages Mast cells WBCs Plasma cells ```

Question 31

Adipose CT

Answer 31

Abundant adipocytes and sparse ECM Provides reserve energy source and insulates against heat loss Padding and cushioning for organs Under skin, around organs, within abdomen, breasts, and buttocks

Question 32

White fat

Answer 32

Energy storage Insulating Cushioning vital organs Hormone secretion

Question 33

Brown fat

Answer 33

Key thermogenic tissue | Abundant in newborns; greatly reduced in adults

Question 34

Macrophages

Answer 34

Differentiate from blood monocytes Phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria, damaged or sick cells, removal of cell debris, and antigen processing and presentation

Question 35

Mast cells

Answer 35

Secrete chemicals such as histamine that mediate the allergic response and heparin (anti-coagulant of blood)

Question 36

Plasma cells

Answer 36

Differentiate from B-lymphocytes | Make antibodies