Upper Extremity Arthrology

Question 1

Shoulder Girdle

Answer 1

Manubrium, clavicle, scapula, and humerus

Question 2

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 2

Sellar synovial
Articular capsule: fibrous, synovial membrane
Articular disc
Costoclavicular L: from clavicle to 1st rib
Anterior sternoclavicular L.
Posterior sternoclavicular L.
Interclavicular L.: above manubrium from clavicle on one side to clavicle on the other

Question 3

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 3

Planar synovial
Between acromion of scapula and clavicle
Articular capsule: fibrous, synovial membrane
Articular disc
Acromioclavicular L.: from acromion to clavicle
Coracoclavicular L.: from coracoid process to clavicle; contains the trapezoid L. and conoid L.
Superior transverse scapular L.

Question 4

Coracoclavicular L.

Answer 4

Part of the Acromioclavicular Joint
Trapezoid L.: nearly horizontal band from trapezoid line to coracoid process; lateral to conoid L.
Conoid L.: vertical, from conoid tubercle to coracoid process; medial to trapezoid L.

Question 5

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 5

Spheroidal synovial
Between glenoid cavity of scapula and head of humerus
Glenoid labrum
Articular capsule
Glenohumeral L.
Coracohhumeral L.
Transverse Humeral L.
Coracoacromial arch: coracoacromial L., acromion, coracoid process; prevents humerus from dislocating superiorly

Question 6

Articular capsule of glenohumeral L.

Answer 6

Fibrous: allows passage for long head of biceps brachii T. and communication with subscapular bursa
Synovial membrane: allows communication with subscapular bursa

Question 7

Bursae of glenohumeral joint

Answer 7

Subscapular

Subacromial

Question 8

Glenohumeral L.

Answer 8

From glenoid labrum and supragenoid tubercle to anatomical neck of humerus

Question 9

Coracohumeral L.

Answer 9

From coracoid process of scapula to anterior edge of greater tubercle of humerus

Question 10

Transverse Humeral L.

Answer 10

From greater Humeral tubercle to lesser Humeral tubercle spanning the intertubercular groove

Question 11

Where does dislocation of the glenohumeral joint normally occur?

Answer 11

Anteriorly and inferiorly due to coracoacromial arch

Question 12

Elbow joint

Answer 12

Ginglymus synovial
Between Humeral condole, trochlear notch of the ulna, and radial head
Articular capsule
Humeroulnar joint
Humeroradial joint

Question 13

Humeroulnar joint

Answer 13

Trochlear notch of ulna raping around Humeral trochlea
Ulnar collateral L. Of the elbow: from medial Humeral epicondyle to the Coronoid process of the ulna and olecrenon; anterior, posterior, and oblique band

Question 14

Humeroradial Joint

Answer 14

Humeral capitulum articulating with the fovea of the radial head
Radial collateral L.: from the lateral Humeral epicondyle to blend with the annular L. Of the radial head

Question 15

Bursae of the elbow joint

Answer 15

limit friction
Olecrenon bursae
Subcutaneous bursa of the medial Humeral epicondyle
Subcutaneous bursa of the lateral Humeral epicondyle
Bursae of the aconeus
Bursa at origin of extensor Capri radialis brevis

Question 16

Olecrenon bursae

Answer 16

Subtendinous olecrenon bursa: between triceps brachii T. And olecrenon
Intratendinous olecrenon bursa: inside triceps brachii T.
Subcutaneous olecrenon bursa: in the subcutaneous CT over the olecrenon

Question 17

Radioulnar joint

Answer 17

3 different articulation between radius and ulna
Compound joint
Proximal radioulnar joint
Middle radioulnar joint
Distal radioulnar joint

Question 18

Proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 18

Trochoid synovial
Supination and pronation
Articular capsule
Annular L. From coronoid process of the ulna around the radial head to insert back on the ulna, holding the radial head in the radial notch

Question 19

Middle radioulnar joint

Answer 19

Syndesmosis fibrous joint
Oblique cord: coronoid process of ulna and radial body
Interosseus membrane: between length of ulna and radius

Question 20

Distal radioulnar joint

Answer 20

Trochoid synovial
Between head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius laterally and the articular disc inferiorly
Articular capsule

Question 21

Radiocarpal (wrist) joint

Answer 21

Condylar synovial
Between the distal end of the radius, plus the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones

Question 22

Parts of the radiocarpal joint

Answer 22

Articular capsule
Articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint
Palmar radiocarpal L: two bands-one from the radius across the scaphoid to the lunate, the other from the radius to the capitate
Dorsal radiocarpal L.
Palmar ulnocarpal L.
Dorsal ulnocarpal L.
Radial collateral L. Of the wrist: from radial styloid process to scaphoid
Ulnar collateral L. Of the wrist: from ulnar styloid process to scaphoid

Question 23

Intercarpal joints

Answer 23

Planar synovial
Scapholunate
Lunotriquetrum
Pisotriquetrum
Pisohamate
Trapeziotrapezoid
Trapeziocapitate
Capitohamate

Question 24

Pisiform joint

Answer 24

Intercarpal joint
Pisiform with the anterior surface of the triquetrum
Pisohamate L.: between pisiform and hook of hamate; ulnar N. Goes under this

Question 25

Midcarpal joint

Answer 25

Sellar synovial | Between proximal and distal rows of carpal bones

Question 26

Carpometacarpal joint-1st

Answer 26

``` Thumb Sellar synovial From trapezium to 1st metacarpal B. Articular capsule Palmar carpometacarpal L. Dorsal carpometacarpal L. ```

Question 27

Carpometacarpal joint-2nd-5th

Answer 27

Planar synovial From distal row of carpal bones to 2nd-5th metacarpal Bs. Articular capsule Palmar carpometacarpal L. Dorsal carpometacarpal L. Pisometacarpal L.: 5th metacarpal and pisiform Radiate carpal L.: from the capitate to the bases of metacarpal Bs.; only on palmar side

Question 28

Intermetacarpal joints

Answer 28

``` Only 4 Planar synovial Articular capsule Dorsal intermetacarpal L. Palmar intermetacarpal L. Interosseus intermetacarpal L.: inside the joint spaces between bases ```

Question 29

Metacarpophalangeal joints

Answer 29

5 Condyloid synovial Articular capsule Palmar L. (Or plate): acts as a floor for where tendons will run Medial collateral L. Lateral collateral L. Deep transverse metacarpal L.: transverse fibers joining the palmar L. Of the medial 4 metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 30

Bull Rider’s Thumb

Answer 30

Sprain of the lateral collateral L. And allusion of the lateral part of the proximal phalanx

Question 31

Skier’s Thumb or Game-keeper’s thumb

Answer 31

Laxity or rupture of either the medial collateral L. Or both collateral Ls. Of the 1st metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 32

1st interphalangeal joint

Answer 32

``` Ginglymus synovial Thumb Articular capsule Palmar L. Medial collateral L. Lateral Collateral L. ```

Question 33

Proximal interphalangeal joints

Answer 33

``` 4 Ginglymus synovial Union between 2nd-5th proximal and intermediate phalanges Articular capsule Palmar L. Medial collateral L. Lateral collateral L. ```

Question 34

Distal interphalangeal joints

Answer 34

``` 4 Ginglymus synovial Union between 2nd-5th intermediate and distal phalanges Articular capsule Palmar L. Medial collateral L. Lateral collateral L. ```

Question 35

Pectoral fascia

Answer 35

Pectoralis major M. Continuous superiorly with deltoid fascia Laterally with axillary fascia Inferiorly with abdominal deep fascia

Question 36

Axillary fascia

Answer 36

Floor of axilla Continually medially with pectoral fascia Inferiorly with clavipectoral fascia

Question 37

Clavipectoral fascia

Answer 37

Deep to pectoral fascia and the pectoralis major M. Extends inferiorly from the clavicle to invest the subclavius and pectoralis minor M. Before blending with axillary fascia Costocoracoid membrane: clavipectoral fascia between the subclavius M. And pectoralis minor M. Suspensory L. Of the axilla: clavipectoral fascia between pectoralis minor M. And axillary fascia, forms the axillary fossa

Question 38

Deltoid fascia

Answer 38

Covers deltoid M. | Continuous anteriorly with pectoral fascia and posteriorly with infraspinous fascia

Question 39

Supraspinous fascia

Answer 39

Extremely dense fascia overlying the supraspinatus M.

Question 40

Infraspinous fascia

Answer 40

Extremely dense fascia overlying the infraspinatus M.

Question 41

Deep cervical fascia

Answer 41

Goes around the subclavius muscle and ends at the clavicle

Question 42

Brachial fascia

Answer 42

Covers musculature of brachium

Question 43

Brachium fascia

Answer 43

Brachial fascia Medial intermuscular septum Lateral intermuscular septum

Question 44

Antebrachium (forearm) Fascia

Answer 44

``` Antebrachial fascia Interosseus membrane Extensor retinaculum Palmar Carpal L. Flexor retinaculum ```

Question 45

Antebrachial fascia

Answer 45

Utilizes interosseus membrane to divide the antebrachium into a floor (anterior) and extensor (posterior) compartment

Question 46

Extensor retinaculum

Answer 46

Transverse focal thickening of antebrachial fascia Holds the extensor tendons in position Dorsal side

Question 47

Palmar Carpal L.

Answer 47

Focal thickening of antebrachial fascia, continuous with extensor retinaculum Palmar side

Question 48

Flexor retinaculum

Answer 48

Actually a ligament (transverse carpal L.) Deep and distal to the palmar carpal L. Fibrous band Palmar side

Question 49

Palmar aponeurosis

Answer 49

Thickened central region of palmar fascia Superficial transverse metacarpal L.: base of palmar aponeurosis Retinacula cutis Medial fibrous septum Lateral fibrous septum

Question 50

Dupuytren Contracture

Answer 50

Disease resulting in the shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar aponeurosis and palmar fascia Leads to partial flexion of the 4th and 5th digits

Question 51

Dorsal fascia

Answer 51

Deep to subcutaneous fat on the dorsum of the hand

Question 52

Fibrous digital sheaths

Answer 52

Digital synovial sheaths

Question 53

Hypothenar

Answer 53

Hypothenar muscles | Little finger

Question 54

Central compartment of hand

Answer 54

Flexor tendons, lumbrical muscles, superficial palmar arterial arch, digital vessels and nerves

Question 55

Thenar

Answer 55

Thenar muscles | Thumb

Question 56

Adductor compartment of hand

Answer 56

Adductor pollicis M.

Question 57

Interosseus compartment of hand

Answer 57

Between the metacarpal Bs. | Contain the interossei Ms.