Skeletal Muscle And Nerve Tissue Histo

Question 1

Skeletal muscle

Answer 1

Striated 
Multinucleated
Fatigable 
Voluntary
Quick
Strong

Question 2

Myofiber

Answer 2

A group of myofibrils surrounded by endomysium
Muscle Cell
Myocyte

Question 3

Myofibrils

Answer 3

Groups of sarcomeres

Question 4

Sarcomeres

Answer 4

Contractile group made of actin and myosin myofilaments

Question 5

Actin

Answer 5

Thin filaments
Made of f-actin monomers
Monomers come together to form actin filaments (in double stranded rings)
Uses nebulin to determine length of filament
Tropomyosin is intertwined in actin filament
Troponin is bound to tropomyosin blocking the myosin binding site

Question 6

Myosin

Answer 6

Thick filaments
Has 2 heavy chains and 2 light chains
Heavy chains contain ATPase domain, actin binding sites, and myosin heads
Connected to Z disk via titin

Question 7

Fascicle

Answer 7

Group of myofibers

Surrounded by perimysium

Question 8

Muscle

Answer 8

Group of fascicles

Surrounded by epimysium

Question 9

Sequence of what makes a muscle

Answer 9

Myosin and actin myofilaments
Sarcomere
Myofibril
Myofiber
Fascicle
Muscle cell

Question 10

Z disk

Answer 10

Sarcomere is Z disk to Z disk

Contains actin and myosin

Question 11

M line

Answer 11

Where myosin attaches

Question 12

H zone

Answer 12

Contains no thin filaments

Changes size during contraction

Question 13

I band

Answer 13

Contains no myosin

Changes size during contraction

Question 14

A band

Answer 14

From the end of one myosin head to the end of an adjacent myosin head
Does not change size during contraction

Question 15

Muscle Contracttion

Answer 15

Ca2+ is released by the sarcolemma and binds to troponin
Causes conformational change
Troponin lets go of tropomyosin
Myosin binds to actin and crawls across actin
Myosin and actin do NOT change size
H zone and I band shorten
Z disk to Z disk becomes closer
all myofibrils in a muscle contract at the same time making the entire muscle shorten

Question 16

Skeletal muscle fiber types

Answer 16

Type I
Type IIa
Type IIb

Question 17

Type I muscle fiber

Answer 17

Slow, not very powerful
Many mitochondria
Great deal of myoglobin
Aerobic respiration
Slow fatiguability

Question 18

Type IIA muscle fiber

Answer 18

Intermediate speed and power
Many mitochondria
Many myoglobin
Intermediate fatiguability
Aerobic respiration (less O2 necessary than type I)

Question 19

Type IIb muscle fiber

Answer 19

Quick, very powerful
Few mitochondria
Few myoglobin
Quick fatiguability 
Anaerobic respiration

Question 20

Sarcolemma

Answer 20

Membrane surrounding muscle cell

Question 21

Transverse (T) tubule

Answer 21

Perforated muscle cells so electrical transmission can go from sarcolemma to muscle cell

Question 22

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (SR)

Answer 22

Acts as a smooth ER for muscle cells
Has terminal cisternae
Holds Ca2+

Question 23

Terminal cisternae

Answer 23

Flattened sac of SR on either side of a T tubule

Question 24

Triad

Answer 24

T tubule and 2 terminal cisternae (one on each side)

Question 25

End feet

Answer 25

Connect T tubules with SR to allow Ca2+ release

Question 26

Neuromuscular junction

Answer 26

Skeletal muscle innervated by alpha motor neurons from anterior horn of spinal cord 1 nerve per muscle cell 1 nerve can supply many muscle cells

Question 27

Extrafusal fibers

Answer 27

Part of neuromuscular spindle apparatus | Contract muscles

Question 28

Neuromuscular spindle appparatus

Answer 28

Reflexive response preventing overstretching of muscle

Question 29

Intrafusal fibers

Answer 29

Sense length change in muscle fibers | Inside extrafusal fibers

Question 30

Type Ia sensory muscle fibers

Answer 30

Afferent innervation in intrafusal fibers | Send signals to extrafusal and intrafusal muscle fibers

Question 31

Alpha motor neurons

Answer 31

Efferent fibers from anterior horn of spinal cord causing contraction of extrafusal muscle fibers

Question 32

Gamma motor neurons

Answer 32

Efferent neurons from anterior horn causing contraction of intrafusal muscle fibers

Question 33

Soma/body of neuron

Answer 33

Contains all neuron organelles

Question 34

Nissle substance

Answer 34

Abundant ribosomal ER in cytoplasm of soma/body of neurons

Question 35

Dendrites

Answer 35

Receive signals from other neurons

Question 36

Axon hillock

Answer 36

Connect soma/body with axon | Accumulates all electrical signals from dendrites to send them down the axon

Question 37

Axon

Answer 37

Sends electrical signals from neuron to synapse

Question 38

Synapse

Answer 38

Transfers electrical impulse from the neuron to the target tissue

Question 39

Neuron types

Answer 39

Multipolar Bipolar Psueodunipolar

Question 40

Multipolar

Answer 40

Multiple dendrites and one axon

Question 41

Bipolar

Answer 41

1 dendrite (multiple extensions) and 1 axon

Question 42

Pseudounipolar

Answer 42

1 dendrite and 1 axon, but cell body is separated from both

Question 43

Myelination

Answer 43

Schwann cells-PNS Oligodendrocytes-CNS Transmits electrical signal faster