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Biochem reviewer > Fifth Wave > Flashcards

Fifth Wave Flashcards

0
Q

Location of Ketogenesis

A

Mitochondria. Liver only.

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1
Q

Converts acetyl CoA to ketone bodies

A

Ketogenesis

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2
Q

Reactants of Ketogenesis

A

Acetyl CoA

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3
Q

Products of Ketogenesis

A

Acetone, Acetoacetyl CoA & B-hydroxybutyrate

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4
Q

Rate limiting step of Ketogenesis

A

Acetoacetyl CoA + acetyl CoA to HMG CoA

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5
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of Ketogenesis

A

HMG CoA Synthase

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6
Q

Formation of cholesterol from acetyl CoA

A

Cholesterol Synthesis

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7
Q

Location of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

SER. All cells.

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8
Q

Reactants of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

Acetyl CoA

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9
Q

Products of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

Lanosterol then Cholesterol

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10
Q

Rate limiting step of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

HMG CoA to Mevalonate

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11
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of Cholesterol Synthesis

A

HMG CoA Reductase

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12
Q

Alcohol leads to fat accumulation in the liver

A

Fatty liver

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13
Q

Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome

A

Zellaeger syndrome

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14
Q

Accumulation of phytanic acid

A

Retsum’s Disease

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15
Q

Hypoglycin from unripe fruit of the akee tree inactivates medium and short chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase

A

Jamaican vomiting sickness

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16
Q

Accumulation of fat in intestinal enterocytes and hepatocytes, with deficiency in fat soluble vitamins and essential FAs

A

Abetalipoproteinemia

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17
Q

Mental retardation from accumulation of GM2 ganglioside

A

Tay-Sachs disease

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18
Q

Mental retardation from accumulation of sphingomyelin

A

Niemann-Pick disease

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19
Q

Mental retardation, enlarged liver and spleen from accumulation of glucosylceramide

A

Gaucher’s disease

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20
Q

Four counter regulatory hormones that oppose the actions of insulin

A

Cortisol, GH, Glucagon & Epinephrine

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21
Q

Acetyl CoA, Krebs & Urea cycle occurs in what state

A

Both Well-fed and Fasting

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22
Q

Beta Oxidation, Gluconeogenesis & Glycogenolysis occurs in what state

A

Fasting

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23
Q

Glycolysis, HMP, Protein synthesis, FA, Cholesterol, Glycogenesis & Heme synthesis occursin what state

A

Well-fed state

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24
Q

Bases of Purine

A

AGH

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25
Q

Bases of Pyrimidine

A

CUT

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26
Q

Enzyme that converts ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleotides

A

Ribonucleotide reductase

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27
Q

Enzyme that converts AMP to ADP and GMP to GDP

A

Monophosphate Kinases

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28
Q

Synthesis of adenine and guanine

A

Purine Synthesis

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29
Q

Location of Purine Synthesis

A

Cytoplasm. ALL tissues.

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30
Q

Reactants of Purine Synthesis

A

Tetrahydrofolate, Aspartate, Glutamine, Glycine and CO2

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31
Q

Products of Purine Synthesis

A

Inosine (parent purine)

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32
Q

Rate limiting step of Purine Synthesis

A

Phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) to 5-Phosphoribosylamine

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33
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of Purine Synthesis

A

PRPP Glutamyl Amidotransferase

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34
Q

Synthesis of Uracil and Cytosine

A

Pyrimidine Synthesis

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35
Q

Location of Pyrimidine Synthesis

A

Cytoplasm. ALL tissues.

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36
Q

Reactants of Pyrimidine Synthesis

A

Glutamine, Aspartate & CO2

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37
Q

Products of Pyrimidine Synthesis

A

Orotidine (Parent Pyrimidine)

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38
Q

Rate limiting step of Pyrimidine Synthesis

A

NH2 + CO2 to Carbamoyl Phosphate

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39
Q

Rate limiting enzyme of Pyrimidine Synthesis

A

Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase II

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40
Q

Follows Chargaff

A

DNA

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41
Q

Bases are A=U & C=G

A

RNA

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42
Q

Bases are A=T & C=G

A

DNA

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43
Q

Number of strands of DNA

A

Two

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44
Q

Susceptible to hydrolysis

A

RNA

45
Q

Sugar in DNA

A

Reduced

46
Q

Sugar in RNA

A

Oxidized

47
Q

DNA to RNA

A

Transcription

48
Q

RNA to CHON

A

Translation

49
Q

RNA to DNA

A

Reverse transcription

50
Q

DNA to DNA

A

Replication

51
Q

Pribnow box

A

Transcription prokaryotic

52
Q

Hogness box

A

Transcription Eukaryotic

53
Q

Shine Dalgarno sequence

A

Translation

54
Q

Unwinds double helix

A

Helicase

55
Q

Removes supercoils

A

Topoisomerase

56
Q

Identifies origin of Replication

A

DNA A Protein

57
Q

Synthesis of RNA primer

A

Primase

58
Q

Maintains the separation of the parental strands

A

SS DNA binding protein

59
Q

Elongation of leading strand

A

DNA Polymerase III

60
Q

Excision of primers

A

DNA Polymerase I

61
Q

Seals the nick between Okazaki fragments

A

Ligase

62
Q

Carries genetic info. Poly A tail. Massive.

A

mRNA

63
Q

Unusual bases. 3’- CCA sequence. Tiny.

A

tRNA

64
Q

Rampant in transcription

A

rRNA

65
Q

mRNA processing and gene regulation

A

snRNA

66
Q

Gene regions of a Eukaryote

A

Monocistronic

67
Q

Gene regions of Prokaryote

A

Polycistronic

68
Q

Initiation of Prokaryote

A

TATAAT & Sigma

69
Q

Initiation of Eukaryote

A

TATA & CAAT (transcription factors)

70
Q

Genetic code: Given AA may have more than one codon coding for it.

A

Degenerate

71
Q

Genetic code: Conserved from very early stages of evolution.

A

Universal

72
Q

Genetic code: Codon always code for the same AA.

A

Specific

73
Q

3 stop codons

A

UAA UGA UAG

74
Q

Shorter & Non functional

A

Nonsense

75
Q

Non functional and often shorter

A

Frameshift

76
Q

Loss of function

A

Large segment deletion

77
Q

Longer than usual, unstable

A

Triplet repeat expansion

78
Q

Translation: Empty tRNA

A

E site

79
Q

Translation: Growing peptide chain

A

P site

80
Q

Translation: Incoming aminoacyl tRNA

A

A site

81
Q

Translation: Methionine Codon

A

AUG

82
Q

Present in all populations

A

Autosomal dominant

83
Q

Affected father. All daughters, no son.

A

X linked dominant

84
Q

Skips generation

A

Autosomal recessive

85
Q

Affected mom. All sons, no daughter.

A

X linked recessive

86
Q

Male patern baldness

A

Sec influenced

87
Q

Inability to repair thymine dimers

A

Xeroderma Pigmentosa

88
Q

Mismatched strand

A

Hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer

89
Q

Triple repeat

A

Huntington disease

90
Q

Point mutation

A

Sickle cell dse

91
Q

Acute arthritis with deposition of uric acid crystals

A

Gout

92
Q

Gout and self mutilation

A

Lesch Nyhan

93
Q

Vitamins: transketolase reactions in the HMP shunt

A

B1

94
Q

Vitamins: Prevents atherosclerotic plaque formation

A

E

95
Q

Normalizes calcium levels in response to hypocalcemia

A

D

96
Q

Vitamins: Acetyl CoA to Malonyl CoA

A

Biotin

97
Q

Vitamins: Hydroxylation of Collagen

A

C

98
Q

Vitamins: Glycogen phosphorylase

A

B6

99
Q

Vitamins: Hartnup dse

A

B3

100
Q

Vitamins: Condensation of glycine and succinyl CoA

A

B6

101
Q

Vitamins: Carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in coagulation factors

A

K

102
Q

Vitamins: All aminotransferases

A

B6

103
Q

Vitamins: Diarrhea, Dementia & Dermatitis

A

B3

104
Q

Vitamins: Cofactor for acyl transfers and component of fatty acid synthase

A

B5

105
Q

Vitamins: Megaloblastic anemia

A

Folate & B12

106
Q

Important anticoagulant

A

Heparin

107
Q

Attracts water into the ECM

A

Hyaluronic acid

108
Q

Determines charge selectiveness of renal glomerulus

A

Heparan SO4

109
Q

Located at sites of calcification of endochondral bone

A

Chondroitin SO4

110
Q

Lubricant and protective agent

A

Mucin

111
Q

Immunologic molecules

A

Immunoglobulins

Biochem reviewer (5 decks)

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