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Biochem reviewer > First Wave > Flashcards

First Wave Flashcards

0
Q

Any substance that resists a change in pH when protons are produced or consumed

A

Buffer

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1
Q

Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration

A

pH

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2
Q

Chemical compound that has a total net charge of zero

A

Zwitterion

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3
Q

pH at which the zwiterrion is the predominant form of a chemical compound

A

Isoelectric pH

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4
Q

Property of water that enables it to act as an acid or base

A

Amphoteric

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5
Q

Movement of water to a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

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6
Q

Uses carrier

A

Facilitated diffusion

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7
Q

Transport down the concentration gradient. Higher concentration to lower concentration.

A

Passive transport

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8
Q

Uses energy in transport

A

Active transport

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9
Q

Transport an ion along with a molecule

A

Co-transport

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10
Q

Bond between two amino acids. Carboxyl to amino group.

A

Peptide bond

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11
Q

Bond between two connecting monosaccharide forming a disaccharide

A

Glycosidic bond

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12
Q

Primary bond of glucosyl residues in glycogen

A

a(1-4)glycosidic bond

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13
Q

Branching bond of glucosyl residues in glycogen

A

a(1-6)glycosidic bond

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14
Q

Bond between nucleotide base pairs

A

Hydrogen bond

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15
Q

Bond between nucleotides on a DNA strand

A

Phosphodiester bond

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16
Q

Bond between ribose and adenine in adenosine triphosphate

A

B-N glycosidic bond

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17
Q

Bond between a water molecule and another polar compound

A

Hydrogen bond

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18
Q

Bond between two cysteine residues in cystine

A

Disulfide bond

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19
Q

Bond between glycerol and its fatty acids

A

Ester bond

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20
Q

His equation is used to calculate the concentration of a weak acid and its conjugate base

A

Henderson Hasselbach Equation

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21
Q

Henderson Hasselbach Equation

A

pH=pKa+log[A-]/[HA]

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22
Q

Accepts H+ ions

A

Base

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23
Q

Donates protons

A

Acid

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24
Q

pKa below 7

A

Acid

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25
Q

pKa above 7

A

Base

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26
Q

Donates few of its protons

A

Weak acid

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27
Q

Donates almost all of its protons

A

Strong acid

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28
Q

Glycogen, sorbitol & galacticol are examples of

A

Carbohydrates

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29
Q

Collagen, insulin, hgb and mgb are examples of

A

Protein

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30
Q

cAMP, inosine monophosphate, OMO, cGMP, ADP & ATP are examples of

A

Nucleic acids

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31
Q

Vitamin ADEK & Palmitate are examples of

A

Lipid

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32
Q

Retinol is for

A

Gonads

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33
Q

Retinal is for

A

Eyes

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34
Q

State of breaking down complex molecules

A

Catabolism

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35
Q

State of building complex molecules from simpler ones

A

Anabolism

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36
Q

Main currency of energy in the body

A

ATP

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37
Q

Loss of electrons

A

Oxidation

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38
Q

Gain of electrons

A

Reduction

39
Q

Acidic AAs

A

Aspartate & Glutamate

40
Q

Basic AAs

A

Histidine, Arginine & Lysine

41
Q

AAs which causes collagen kinks

A

Proline

42
Q

Component of hgb and mgb which plays a role in O2 binding

A

Histidine

43
Q

Important AA that is involve in SAM

A

Methionine

44
Q

Used to diagnose FA deficiency

A

Histidine

45
Q

Essential AAs

A

PVT TIM HALL

46
Q

AA used in hgb synthesis

A

Glycine

47
Q

Precursor of Niacin

A

Tryptophan

48
Q

Precursor of NO

A

Arginine

49
Q

Precursor of Melanin

A

Tyrosine

50
Q

Precursor of Serotonin

A

Tryptophan

51
Q

Precursor of Catecholamines

A

Tyrosine

52
Q

Precursor of Melatonin

A

Tryptophan

53
Q

Precursor of GABA

A

Glutamate

54
Q

Precursor of Histamine

A

Histidine

55
Q

Precursor of Thyroid hormones

A

Tyrosine

56
Q

Precursor of Tyrosine

A

Phenylalanine

57
Q

Precursor of Glutathione

A

Glutamate

58
Q

Beta pleated sheet

A

Secondary

59
Q

More than one polypeptide is linked together

A

Quarternary

60
Q

Globular or Fibrous

A

Tertiary

61
Q

Edman’s reagent is used to determine this structure

A

Primary

62
Q

Domains

A

Tertiary

63
Q

Heme containing

A

Hgb & Mgb

64
Q

Level of structure of Hgb

A

Quarternary

65
Q

Level of structure of Mgb

A

Tertiary

66
Q

Where is myoglobin most abundant

A

Tissues

67
Q

Number of O2 bound to Hgb

A

Four

68
Q

Number of O2 bound to Mgb

A

One

69
Q

Most abundant form of Hgb in adults

A

Hgb A

70
Q

Used to determine levels of glucose by non-enzymatic addition of glucose to hgb

A

Hba 1c

71
Q

Oxidation of heme component of Hgb to iron which cannot bind O2

A

Methemoglobin

72
Q

Form of Hgb where CO binds tightly but reversibly

A

Carboxyhemoglobin

73
Q

Tetramer consisting of two alpha and gamma chains

A

Fetal hgb

74
Q

Gamma-tetramers in the newborns

A

Hgb Bart’s

75
Q

Basic collagen structure

A

Gly-X-Y

76
Q

X in Gly-X-Y

A

Proline

77
Q

Y in Gly-X-Y

A

Hydroxyproline

78
Q

Type of Collagen for Reticulin (Granulation tissue)

A

3

79
Q

Type of Collagen for Bone, Tendon & Fascia

A

1

80
Q

Type of Collagen for Cartilage

A

3

81
Q

Type of Collagen for Basement Membrane

A

4

82
Q

Amount of energy needed for the reaction to go forward

A

Energy of Activation

83
Q

Increase the speed of the reaction by lowering the energy of activation

A

Catalyst

84
Q

Protein catalyst

A

Enzyme

85
Q

Converts one isomer to the other

A

Isomerase

86
Q

Converts one epimer to the other

A

Epimerase

87
Q

Adds carboxyl group to a molecule

A

Carboxylase

88
Q

Catalyze reaction by adding or removing ATP

A

Kinase

89
Q

Removes H+

A

Dehydrogenase

90
Q

Enzymes with different AA composition but catalyzes the same reaction

A

Isoenzyme

91
Q

Enzyme that requires a cofactor to be active

A

Holoenzyme

92
Q

Protein part of holoenzyme

A

Apoenzyme

93
Q

Vitamin or mineral needed by an enzyme to be active

A

Cofactor

94
Q

Type of cofactor which is permanently complexed

A

Prosthetic group

Biochem reviewer (5 decks)

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