FINAL 01 - Gram Staining

Question 1

Bacteria are slightly negatively charged at pH __________

Answer 1

pH 7.0

Question 2

__________ dye stains bacteria

Answer 2

Basic dye

Question 3

__________ dye stains background

Answer 3

Acidic dye

Question 4

Refers to an aqueous or alcohol solution of single basic dye

Answer 4

Simple stin

Question 5

Is a substance that adheres to a cell, giving the cell color

Answer 5

Stain

Question 6

Is an auxiliary technique used in microscopy to enhance contrast in the microscopic image

Answer 6

Staining

Question 7

Single dye is used to color or highlight the entire organism (Types of staining techniques)

Answer 7

Simple staining

Question 8

Distinguish bacteria according to their reaction to particular stains (Types of staining techniques)

Answer 8

Differential staining

Question 9

Used to color specific parts or structures of a microorganism (Types of staining techniques)

Answer 9

Special/structural staining

Question 10

Process that aims to preserve the shape of the cells or tissue involves as much as possible

Answer 10

Fixation

Question 11

Is used to determine gram status to classify bacteria broadly

Answer 11

Gram staining

Question 12

Gram staining is named after __________

Answer 12

Gram staining

Question 13

Stain that acts as the primary stain

Answer 13

Crystal violet

Question 14

Stain that acts as a mordant (helps to fix the primary dye to the cell wall)

Answer 14

Gram’s iodine

Question 15

Is used to remove the primary stain; is usually composed of an organic solvent

Answer 15

Decolorizer

Question 16

A counterstain that is applied to stain those cells that have lost the primary stain as a result of decolorization

Answer 16

Safranin

Question 17

2 types of stains (GA)

Answer 17

Gram stain, Acid-fast stain

Question 18

Refers to bacteria that are stained dark blue or violet by gram staining

Answer 18

Gram-positive bacteria

Question 19

__________, also called murein, are heteropolymers of glycan strands, which are cross-linked through short peptides

Answer 19

Peptidoglycans

Question 20

Refers to bacteria that appear red or pink because they are counterstained

Answer 20

Gram-negative bacteria

Question 21

Are acid-fast, gram-resistant, non-motile, pleomorphic rods related to Actinomyces; most are found in water and soil

Answer 21

Mycobacterium

Question 22

Mycobacterium species that is pathogenic for humans

Answer 22

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 23

Mycobacterium species that is pathogenic for animals

Answer 23

Mycobacterium bovis

Question 24

Acid bast fells contain a large amount of lipids and waxes in their cell walls, primarily __________

Answer 24

Mycolic acid

Question 25

Acid fast bacteria are usually members of the genus __________ or __________ (MN)

Answer 25

Mycobacterium, Nocardia

Question 26

Used to stain species of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that do not stain within the laboratory staining procedures like gram staining

Answer 26

Ziehl-Neelsen staining

Question 27

In Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the stains used are the red colored __________ that stains the bacteria and a counter stain like Methylene blue or Malachite green

Answer 27

Carbol fuchsin

Question 28

In Ziehl-Neelsen staining, the stains used are the red colored Carbol fuchin that stains the bacteria and a counter stain like __________ or _________ (MM)

Answer 28

Methylene blue, Malachite green

Question 29

A lipid soluble, phenolic compound which is able to penetrate the cell wall; used in Ziehl-Neelsen staining

Answer 29

Carbol fuchsin

Question 30

__________ are less acid fast than Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 30

Mycobacterium leprae

Question 31

When staining Mycobacterium leprae, the concentration of H2SO4 is reduced to __________ for decolorizing

Answer 31

5%

Question 32

Used to reveal flagella (Types of special staining)

Answer 32

Flagellar staining

Question 33

2 microorganisms that utilize flagellar staining (VS)

Answer 33

Vibrio cholerae, Spirillum

Question 34

Used to reveal endospores (Types of special staining)

Answer 34

Endospore staining

Question 35

2 microorganisms that utilize endospore staining (BC)

Answer 35

Bacillus, Clostridium

Question 36

Used to reveal negatively charged bacterial capsules (Types of special staining)

Answer 36

Capsule staining

Question 37

2 stains used in negative staining technique (IN)

Answer 37

India ink, Nigrosin

Question 38

In __________, organisms are not stained, only the background is stained

Answer 38

Negative staining

Question 39

Negative staining is used to demonstrate the capsule of __________ and __________ (CS)

Answer 39

Cryptococcus neoformans, Streptococcus pneumoniae