PRELIM 01 - Microscopy

Question 1

Equivalent of meter to inches

Answer 1

39.4 inches

Question 2

The sizes of bacteria and protozoa are usually expressed in terms of __________

Answer 2

micrometers (µm)

Question 3

A typical spherical bacterium (coccus) is approximately __________ in diameter

Answer 3

1 µm

Question 4

A typical rod-shaped bacterium (bacillus) is approximately __________ wide × __________ long.

Answer 4

1 µm; 3 µm

Question 5

Is an instrument used to see objects that are too small for the naked eye

Answer 5

Microscope

Question 6

The science of investigating small objects using such an instrument

Answer 6

Microscopy

Question 7

Means invisible to the eye unless aided by a microscope

Answer 7

Microscopic

Question 8

Microscope that uses single lens

Answer 8

Simple light microscope

Question 9

Microscope that uses set lenses or a lens system

Answer 9

Compound light microscope

Question 10

Parts used for adjustments and support

Answer 10

Mechanical parts

Question 11

Parts used to enlarge the specimen

Answer 11

Magnifying parts

Question 12

Parts used to provide the light

Answer 12

Illuminating parts

Question 13

Ability of the lens to distinguish two objects that are close together

Answer 13

Resolution

Question 14

A function of objective lenses and its ability to gather light

Answer 14

Numerical aperture

Question 15

2 components of numerical aperture

Answer 15

n, sinθ

Question 16

Refractive index of the medium the lens is working in (Components of numerical aperture)

Answer 16

n

Question 17

Measurement of the cone light that enters the objective (Components of numerical aperture)

Answer 17

sinθ

Question 18

Resolving power - Compound microscope

Answer 18

200 nanometers

Question 19

Resolving power - Scanning electron microscope

Answer 19

10 nanometers

Question 20

Resolving power - Transmission electron microscope

Answer 20

0.2 nanometers

Question 21

Degree of enlargement; no of times the length, breadth, or diameter of an object is multiplied

Answer 21

Magnification

Question 22

Useful magnification

Answer 22

500x-1000x

Question 23

Empty magnification

Answer 23

1400x and beyond

Question 24

Occurs when the image continues to be enlarged, but no additional details are resolved

Answer 24

Empty magnification

Question 25

Formula for magnification

Answer 25

Objective lens x Eyepiece lens

Question 26

Refers to objectives that can be changed with minimal or no refocusing

Answer 26

Parfocal

Question 27

Distance from the front lens element of the objective to the closest surface of the coverslip when the specimen is in sharp focus

Answer 27

Working distance

Question 28

Is the extent of the observable area in distance units

Answer 28

Field of view (FOV)

Question 29

Formula for field of view

Answer 29

Field number ÷ Objective magnification

Question 30

Used to measure minute distances or the apparent diameters of objects which subtend minute angles

Answer 30

Micrometer

Question 31

Used only at very large magnifications that require high resolving power

Answer 31

Oil immersion objective (OIO)

Question 32

Magnification of up to 300 times; used to look at opaque objects or objects that are too large to be viewed with a compound microscope (Type of microscope)

Answer 32

Stereo (Dissecting) microscope

Question 33

Uses a laser light to scan samples that have been dyed (Type of microscope)

Answer 33

Confocal microscope

Question 34

Uses electrons rather than light for image formation (Type of microscope)

Answer 34

Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

Question 35

Uses electrons in creating a magnified image (Type of microscope)

Answer 35

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 36

Bottommost portion that supports the entire/lower microscope (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 36

Base

Question 37

Part of the base that supports the other parts (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 37

Pillar

Question 38

Allows for tilting of the microscope for convenience of the user (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 38

Inclination joint

Question 39

Curved/slanted part which is held while carrying the microscope (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 39

Arm/Neck

Question 40

Attached to the arm and bears the lenses (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 40

Body tube

Question 41

Cylindrical structure on top of the body tube that holds the ocular lenses (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 41

Draw tube

Question 42

Platform where object to be examined is placed (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 42

Stage

Question 43

Secures the specimen to the stage (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 43

Stage clips

Question 44

Allows the light to pass through the specimen for the better view (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 44

Stage opening/Aperture

Question 45

This is also known as the body; it caries the optical parts in the upper part of the microscope (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 45

Head

Question 46

When turned, it raises or lowers the eyepiece in order to adjust the focus for each eye (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 46

Diopter adjustment

Question 47

Rotating disc where the objectives are attached (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 47

Revolving/Rotating nosepiece

Question 48

Lies atop the nosepiece and keeps dust from settling on the objectives (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 48

Dust shield

Question 49

Geared to the body tube which elevated or lowers when rotated bringing the object into approximate focus (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 49

Coarse adjustment knob

Question 50

A smaller knob for delicate focusing bringing the object into perfect focus (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 50

Fine adjustment knob

Question 51

Elevates and lowers the condenser to regulate the intensity of light (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 51

Condenser adjustment knob

Question 52

Lever in front of the condenser and which is moved horizontally to open/close the diaphragm (Mechanical parts of a microscope)

Answer 52

Iris diaphragm lever

Question 53

Gathers wavefronts from the microscope light source and concentrate them into a cone of light (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

Answer 53

Condenser

Question 54

Controls the amount of light reaching the specimen (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

Answer 54

Iris diaphragm

Question 55

Located beneath the stage and has concave and plane surfaces to gather and direct light in order to illuminate the object (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

Answer 55

Mirror

Question 56

A built-in illuminator beneath the stage that may be used if sunlight is not preferred or is not available (Illuminating parts of a microscope)

Answer 56

Electric lamp

Question 57

Another set of lens found on top of the body tube which functions to further magnify the image produced by the objective lenses (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

Answer 57

Ocular/Eyepiece

Question 58

Metal cylinders attached below the nosepiece and contains especially ground and polished lenses (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

Answer 58

Objectives

Question 59

4 types of objectives

Answer 59

Scanner, LPO, HPO, OIO

Question 60

Gives the lowest magnification, usually 10x

Answer 60

Low power objective (LPO)

Question 61

Gives higher magnification, usually 40x or 43x (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

Answer 61

High power objective (HPO)

Question 62

Gives the highest magnification, usually 97x or 100x, and is used wet either with cedar wood oil or synthetic oil (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

Answer 62

Oil immersion objective (OIO)

Question 63

Provides observers with about enough magnification for a good overview of the slide; has a 4x magnification (Magnifying parts of a microscope)

Answer 63

Scanner

Question 64

3 limitations of light microscope

Answer 64

Resolution, Wavelength, Numerical aperture