final 1 Flashcards

Question

Live attenuated vaccines

Answer 1

Live attenuated vaccines are not used for meningococcal disease due to safety concerns with the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria.

Answer 2

Subunit (Fractionated): Polysaccharide vaccines (e.g., Menomune) use sugar molecules from the bacteria's outer capsule.

Answer 3

Vaccines that use part. of a virus to trigger an immune response. They contain harmless pieces (proteins) of the virus that stimulate your immune system. When you get vaccinated, your immune system recognizes that these proteins don't belong and creates antibodies and defensive white blood cells.

Answer 4

Conjugate vaccines (e.g., MenACWY) use polysaccharides attached to a protein to improve immunity.

Answer 5

Recombinant vaccines (e.g., Bexsero, Trumenba) use genetically engineered proteins to provoke an immune response.

Answer 6

Capital Letters: These are often used to signify importance or to mark proper nouns (e.g., the name of a company or product). In formal writing, they may also be used for emphasis or in acronyms/initialisms. Examples: FDA (Food and Drug Administration), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention), Meningococcal Disease.

Answer 7

Lowercase Letters: Lowercase letters are typically used in regular text. In scientific or regulatory contexts, lowercase letters can be part of codes or labels, but they generally do not carry the same weight as capital letters unless part of a defined abbreviation. Example: polysaccharide (in meningococcal vaccines), serogroup b (in vaccine descriptions).

Answer 8

Minimal Intervals In the context of vaccines, minimal intervals refer to the minimum amount of time that must pass between doses of a vaccine in a series to ensure optimal efficacy and safety.

Answer 9

Product Licensure Product licensure refers to the process by which a product (such as a vaccine, pharmaceutical, or medical device) is approved by a regulatory authority for use in a given population. In the United States: The FDA

Answer 10

Pinworms (scientifically known as Enterobius vermicularis) are tiny, white parasitic worms that commonly infect the intestines of humans, particularly children. They are the most common type of intestinal worm infection in the United States and other parts of the world. Pinworm infections are typically spread through ingestion of the eggs, which can survive in the environment for several weeks.

Answer 11

Itchy bum Irritable Restless Poor sleep Vulvovaginitis and urethral infection

Answer 12

Repeat dose in 2 weeks Bath in morning to prevent itch Keep fingernails short Good handwashing Wash bed linens, clothes, open curtains

Answer 13

Tape test The person or healthcare provider will gently press a piece of adhesive tape against the perianal area (the area around the anus) to collect any pinworm eggs. The tape is then removed carefully and applied sticky side down onto a glass slide (or into a clean container, depending on the method). The sample is then examined under a microscope to look for the presence of pinworm eggs.Collect in morning Repeat as necessary Antiparasitic - mebendazole

Answer 14

Antiparasitic - mebendazole

Answer 15

Lice, while contagious, are not dangerous. Most children have likely already been infectious for some time before being diagnosed. Lice spread easily in group settings, so sending a child home may not be an effective way to stop the spread. Schools focus on treatment and prevention, rather than isolation, to manage head lice outbreaks effectively. assess: lice severity, eggs, sores, itch do: Over-the-counter (OTC) treatments like permethrin (Nix) or piperonyl butoxide (RID). wash shit teach: spread head to head or shared items. how to identify. treatment

Answer 16

lyme disease, which is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected black-legged tick (also known as the deer tick).

Answer 17

Initial Stage (Early Localized Lyme Disease): The hallmark of Lyme disease is the "bull’s-eye" rash, known as erythema migrans (EM). This rash appears at the site of the tick bite 3 to 30 days after being bitten. It often has a red center surrounded by a clear area and a red outer ring, resembling a bull’s-eye. Fever, chills, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint aches. Swollen lymph nodes. Later Stage (Early Disseminated Lyme Disease): If untreated, the bacteria can spread through the bloodstream to other parts of the body. This may lead to arthritis (particularly in the knees) and more severe neurological symptoms. Symptoms may include dizziness, heart palpitations, and, in some cases, Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis). Arthritis in kids: Lyme disease can cause joint inflammation, particularly in large joints like the knees. Children may experience episodes of joint pa

Answer 18

Doxycycline (for adults and children over 8 years old). Amoxicillin or Cefuroxime (for younger children or those who cannot take doxycycline). Treatment usually lasts for 2 to 4 weeks, depending on the severity and stage of the disease.

Answer 19

Complications: -Chronic Lyme disease (also known as post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome): In some cases, patients continue to experience symptoms such as fatigue, joint pain, and neurological issues after completing antibiotic treatment. The exact cause of this is still being studied. -Neurological and cardiac complications: If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to serious complications, such as Lyme neuroborreliosis (inflammation of the nervous system) or Lyme carditis (inflammation of the heart).

Answer 20

MIS-C is "believed" to be an immune response that happens after a viral infection, especially COVID-19. The immune system overreacts, leading to inflammation in multiple organs. 🤥

Answer 21

Alveoli: Tiny air sacs that allow oxygen to diffuse into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide to be expelled. Age 7

Answer 22

3-5 yeards due to thin chest wall

Answer 23

age three-five begin to cooperate and separate from parents love to help

Answer 24

circulatory failure and inadequate tissue perfusion organ failue

Answer 25

What is giardiasis? BEAVER FEVER * Giardiasis is an infection of the intestines caused by the parasite Giardia lamblia. * The parasite can be found in the stool of infected animals or humans.

Answer 26

How is giardiasis treated? * See your doctor for treatment. Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug that is effective for treating giardiasis.* Drink plenty of fluids to replace water lost through diarrhea

Answer 27

Often a person will have no symptoms. If symptoms occur, they usually appear 1 to 3 weeks following infection. * Diarrhea is the most common symptom. The stool is usually pale, greasy, and foul-smelling. * Other symptoms include stomach cramps, gas, loss of appetite, tiredness, and weight loss. * Symptoms may come and go for several mont

Answer 28

Slower growth compared to infancy More proportionate head Gross motor skills - locomotion Fine motor skills – drawing, building, and feeding themselves Love exploring Potty training

Answer 29

Child’s behavior is usually manageable. * Interested in other children. *Usually easy to soothe. * Comes for comfort when distressed.oints to several different body parts. * Tries to get your attention to show you something. * Turns/responds when name is called. * Points to what he/she wants. * Looks for toy when asked or pointed in direction. * Imitates speech sounds and gestures. * Says 25 or more words (words do not have to be clear. * Produces four consonants (e.g. B D G H N W).

Answer 30

Motor skills *Walks alone. * Feeds self with spoon with little spilling. Adaptive skills * Removes hat/socks without help.

Answer 31

Erikson’s Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt Rapprochement - boomerang Negativism – “No!” Ritualism – consistency Imitate adults Parallel play Ownership and attachment

Answer 32

Sensorimotor stage – until 2 Preoperational stage Sort, solve simple problems Learn through playing! Neuroplasticity

Answer 33

Hearing Ear infections Vision – near sighted Taste – often picky

Answer 34

25 words by 18 months 2 word sentences by 2 years 3-5 word sentences by 36 mo Understand what is said to them Bilingual children

Answer 35

Worldwide - leading cause of childhood death Leading cause of childhood illness Usually self-limiting Spread by fecal-oral through food, water or close contact

Answer 36

Pathophysiology 2/3 of body is made up of water Dehydration results when there is a deficiency Predisposing and Causative factors Vomiting Diarrhea Neurological, Endocrine Diaphoresis

Answer 37

Infants at higher risk Greater fluid requirements More insensible losses Can’t communicate thirst

Answer 38

Oral Rehydration therapy: Pedialyte® Monitor intake and output Continue breastfeeding Electrolyte balance – early feeding Treat underlying cause Reassess

Answer 39

Infection Trauma Stomatitis Burns Pyloric Stenosis Renal failure Endocrine – Diabetes mellitus Pregnancy Eating disorder

Answer 40

Feeding pattern Elimination – vomiting, diarrhea, # of wet diapers Ingestions Onset, duration, timing Immunizations Travel history Medical history

Answer 41

alert, fontanelles soft and flat, eyes normal, oral mucosa pink and moist, skin turgor elastic, heart rate normal, blood pressure normal, extremities warm pink brisk cap refill, urine input may be slightly decreased

Answer 42

alert to listless, fontanelles sunken, eyes mild sunken orbits, oral mildly sunken orbits, skin turgor decreased, heart rate decreased, blood pressure normal, extremities delay cap refill, urine input less than 1ml/kgh

Answer 43

alert to comatose, fontanelles sunken, eyes deeply sunken orbits, oral dry, skin turgor tenting, heart rate increased, progressing to bradycardia, blood pressure normal progressing to hyoptension, extremities significant delay cap refill and cold molted or dusky, urine input significantly less than 1ml/kgh

Answer 44

Ondansetron Single does for > 6mo Not for diarrhea Protect skin

Answer 45

No antispasmodic, antidiarrhea agents Oral Rehydration Therapy Hygiene/infection control Avoid sugary, high-fat, fried foods Safety with travel Immunize

Answer 46

passage of gastric contents into the esophagus normal in healthy infants and children particularly common in premature infants often outgrown by 12 months of age ng feeds place children at greater risk

Answer 47

recurrent vomiting or regurgitation wt loss irritability respiratory symptoms (cough, stridor, wheeze, apnea)

Answer 48

Oral Candidiasis

Answer 49

Assess White patches in the oral mucosa that are not easily wiped off, can also be present in diaper area Painful

Answer 50

Do Medications (Nystatin) Cross contamination between breast feeding mother and infant

Answer 51

Teach Treat the mother (if breastfeeding) Handwashing, cleaning soothers, nipples, bottles 1 hour before or after feeding, both sides of mouth.

Answer 52

Do Appropriate positioning, sitting upright 30 – 2 hours min post feeds Maintain patent airway Smaller more frequent feeds Medications that decrease pH of gastric contents (lansoprazole)

Answer 53

Teach S/S of complications Medication information Feeding techniques

Answer 54

Intussusception is a medical condition in which a part of the intestine folds into itself, much like a telescope. This can block the flow of food or fluid and cut off the blood supply to the affected part of the intestine, which can lead to tissue death if not treated promptly. It is one of the most common causes of bowel obstruction in infants and young children, though it can occur in older children and adults as well.

Answer 55

Assess Pain r/t cramping, V & D, RED JELLY STOOL, lethargy, dehydration Palpate for sausage shaped mass in mid- upper abd.

Answer 56

Do U/S IV fluids, Antibiotics NG to decompress Pain control Emotional support for parents May need surgery if air/saline enema isn’t successful

Answer 57

Teach Explaining telescoping Telescoping happens when part of the intestine pushes inside another part, creating a double layer or "telescopic" effect

Answer 58

Malrotation is a congenital condition where the intestines don't rotate properly during fetal development, leading to abnormal positioning. Volvulus occurs when the intestines twist on themselves, often due to malrotation, causing a bowel obstruction and cutting off blood flow.

Answer 59

Assess Bilious vomiting Shock symptoms, abd pain and distention Rebound tenderness , auscultate for hypoactive bowel sounds

Answer 60

Do NPO IV fluids and antibiotics even before testing NG to decompress stomach Surgery - short gut syndrome.

Answer 61

Teach Post-op abdominal surgery teaching

Answer 62

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix

Answer 63

Pain Bowel sounds

Answer 64

Maintain IV, NG, IV abx Early ambulation Manage pain

Answer 65

LOC Vital Signs Head/ Neck and Face Cranial Nerves Motor function Reflexes Sensory Function ICP

Answer 66

1 not assessed in infants & young children, sense of smell

Answer 67

2 visual acuity

Answer 68

3, 4, & 6 doll’s eye response and pupil response

Answer 69

5 – suck on a soother – stroke to face

Answer 70

7 – symmetry of a smile

Answer 71

8 – ring a bell, or clap hands

Answer 72

9 & 10– Swallow, gag

Answer 73

11 – follow an object to turn head

Answer 74

12 – tongue movement

Answer 75

Changes to gait Muscle tone Strength Feeling hot cold, move away from pain Reflexes Moro, tonic neck, and withdrawal

Answer 76

Inflammation of the inner 2 membranes (leptomeninges) around the brain and spinal cord – subarachnoid space – houses CSF Infection Bacterial Viral

Answer 77

Audiology assessment before discharge or within one month of discharge Immunizations Prophylaxis for contacts

Answer 78

Do Lumbar puncture Blood cultures Antibiotics ASAP Electrolytes – sodium Quiet room Comfort care

Answer 79

Assess – box 50-5, p. 1359 Neonates – hypothermia, fever, jaundice, change in loc, seizures, resp irregularities or apnea Infants – fever, poor feeding, vomiting, irritable, (neck pain uncommon), fontanel, Seizure with high pitched cry Older children – headache, neck pain/rigidity, impaired consciousness Intake and output Immunizations

Answer 80

Hydrocephalus is a condition where there is an excess accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, leading to increased pressure inside the skull. This can damage brain tissues and cause neurological problems. shunts.

Answer 81

Headache Dilated scalp veins Seizure Vomiting (projectile) Blurred vision Dizzy Decreased Pupil response Widening pulse pressure Bulging fontanel Primitive reflexes may persist Enlarged head or skull Sunsetting eyes High pitched cry/irritability

Answer 82

Loss of consciousness Bradycardia Agonal respirations Posturing Fixed/ dilated pupils

Answer 83

abdm pain, fever, meningeal signs, poor feeding, loc, local inflammation

Answer 84

New shunts as child grows, infection control, shunt malfunction s/s

Answer 85

Definition: Seizures that originate in one part of the brain. Symptoms: Can be motor (e.g., twitching or jerking in one body part) or sensory (e.g., unusual sensations or visual disturbances). May or may not involve loss of consciousness.

Answer 86

(formerly Complex Partial Seizures) Definition: A type of focal seizure where the person loses awareness or consciousness. Symptoms: Staring, repetitive movements (e.g., lip-smacking or hand rubbing). May not respond to others and may be unaware of their surroundings. Can last from 30 seconds to a few minutes.

Answer 87

Definition: Seizures that affect both sides of the brain. Symptoms: Loss of consciousness. Tonic-clonic (grand mal): Muscle stiffening (tonic phase) followed by jerking movements (clonic phase). Absence seizures (petit mal): Brief lapses in consciousness without major physical symptoms.

Answer 88

Definition: Seizures that cause a sudden loss of muscle tone. Symptoms: Sudden collapse or dropping of the head or limbs. Can happen suddenly, leading to falls or injuries.

Answer 89

Epileptic Spasms (Infantile Spasms) Definition: Seizures characterized by sudden muscle spasms, often occurring in infants. Symptoms: Sudden flexion or extension movements (e.g., jerking of the body or limbs). Clustering of spasms (several spasms in a short period). Often associated with developmental delay or brain abnormalities.

Answer 90

before- record aura during- observe, record, safety after onsciousness Breathing Movement Injuries Postictal Symptoms: Confusion, headache, fatigue, or nausea. Recovery: How long until the person returns to normal? Behavior/Mood

Answer 91

meds -Titres monitoring nutrition- Patient may continue to have risk of aspiration Ketogenic diet Cerebral hypoxia CO2 causes vasodilation, increased cerebral blood flow, and increased ICP May have minimal gag and cough reflexes

Answer 92

Physical Abuse Head Trauma Sexual Abuse & Exploitation Emotional maltreatment Physical Neglect Exposure to violence Failure to provide essential medical treatment Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy

Answer 93

Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are birth defects that occur when the neural tube (which becomes the brain and spinal cord) doesn’t close properly during early fetal development.

Answer 94

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of neurological disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, and motor skills due to brain damage occurring before or shortly after birth. Causes:

Answer 95

Spastic CP: Most common type (70-80% of cases). Characterized by tight, stiff muscles and difficulty with movement.

Answer 96

Dyskinetic CP: Involves involuntary, uncontrolled movements, including twisting and repetitive motions.

Answer 97

Affects balance and coordination, causing difficulty with fine motor tasks and walking.

Answer 98

A combination of symptoms from different types of CP.

Answer 99

Fetal surgery Specialized surgery Surgical closure First 72 hours of life Risk for hydrocephalus – 60% need vp shunt Latex allergies Neurogenic bowel and bladder Tethered cord Assess for neuro, urinary, orthopedic decline Excellent neurological assessment, development, GI, GU, MS Note level of paralysis if any Assess bladder function, may need to check residual urine capacity. Involve parents in all care.

Answer 100

Goals are to; Prevent urinary tract infections and chronic renal disease promote optimal urinary continence maintain low bladder pressure, urine stasis Meds, catheterizations, monitor closely for infections, care for spastic bladder Surgical options – mitrofanoff procedure – abdominal stoma

Answer 101

Neurogenic Bowel Management – 60-70% of individuals Constipation, fecal impaction increases intra-abdominal pressure Bowel management Laxatives, suppositories, enemas, diet modifications Surgical option – ACE – abdominal stoma Maintain Skin integrity & prevent latex allergic reaction ALWAYS include & support the family

Answer 102

Folic acid for childbearing age - adolescents Learning disabilities Prevent urinary tract complications Clean intermittent catheterization Change to bladder function may indicate change in neuro function Bowel care

Answer 103

Birth history Muscle tone, movement, and posture Infants floppy or stiff Docile or irritable Feeding difficulties Diagnosed between 12-24 mo, but becoming earlier Primitive reflexes persist Delay in motor skills GI disorders

Answer 104

Oral secretions Pulmonary disease Aspiration Scoliosis Resp muscle dyscoordination Ortho disorders – hip dysplasia, subluxation, dislocation, deformities, scoliosis Urinary disorders Pain Sleep disorders

Answer 105

Therapies aimed at improving adl Adequate nutrition May need g-tube Bowel care Manage secretions Bracing, mobility devices Medication

Answer 106

Lifelong – safety Mobility Education Nutrition Respite

Answer 107

Diabetes Insipidus (DI) is a condition where the body can't properly regulate water, leading to excessive thirst (polydipsia) and urination (polyuria). Caused by a lack of ADH due to damage to the brain (hypothalamus/pituitary).

Answer 108

SIADH is a condition where the body produces too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to excessive water retention, low sodium levels (hyponatremia), and concentrated urine.

Answer 109

exact unknown autoimmune factors genetics exposure to viruses environmental factors

Answer 110

obesity ethnic background family history environmental factors

Answer 111

Polyuria: Increased urination due to high blood sugar levels, which leads to more frequent and larger volumes of urine. Polydipsia: Excessive thirst caused by dehydration, as the body tries to compensate for the lost fluids through frequent urination. Polyphagia: Increased hunger because the body is not able to use glucose properly for energy, leading to a feeling of starvation despite eating.

Answer 112

type one- always insulin type 2- insulin optional insulin pumps continuous BGM bgm hemoglobin A1C test of equal to or less than 7

Answer 113

Hypoglycemic episodes (too much insulin, gym class, etc) hyperglycemic episodes diabetic ketoacidosis (hyperglycemia. ketones, acidosis)

Answer 114

Diabetic retinopathy (vision loss) Diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease) diabetic neuropathy (nerve damage) cardio disease heart attack stroke peripheral VD

Answer 115

rear facing- 10kg 1 year walking forward facing 5 point harness 18kg booster 7 years 145cm 36 kg

Answer 116

-physical Growth – puberty Second rapid period of growth -Identity vs role confusion Peers very important Risk-taking behaviour -Formal operations Abstract thought -Moral development

Answer 117

-Followed by public health to assess risk of tetanus and rabies -Tetanus is a bacteria that produces a toxin -Lives in soil, dust, manure not spread person to person -Enters through breaks in the skin

Answer 118

Jaw cramping Muscle spasms (stomach as well) Muscle stiffness Seizures Bp and HR changes Difficulty swallowing

Answer 119

Usually 3 days to 21 days (average 10) Can be 1 day to months Most happen in 14 days

Answer 120

Laryngospasms Fractures Pulmonary embolisms Aspiration pneumonia Respiratory distress 10-20% fatality rate

Answer 121

Difficult to detect Affects thinking and behavior May be ‘down’ or may be irritable or angry Usually starts at 15-30 years but can be earlier.

Answer 122

Risk Factors/ Cause Cause not well understood Women 10-20% of Preadolescents Family History Social Determinant of health

Answer 123

Sleep disturbances interest decreased guilty feelings energy decreased concentrate appetite psychomotor function

Answer 124

School difficulties Very upset when parents leave Seeking reassurance Avoiding behaviors Intense reactions ‘What if questions,’ lots of concerns Similar signs of depression

Answer 125

HEADSSS mnemonic- psychosocial biopsy Home environment Education, employment, eating, exercise Activities, peer relationships, religious affiliation Drugs, cigarettes, alcohol Sexuality, Suicidality, depression Safety Strengths

Answer 126

Fluoxetine, Escitalopram

Answer 127

30% of girls and 25% of boys in grades 7-12 have been teased about their weight 12-30% of girls and 9-25% of boys age 10-14 report dieting to lose weight 37% grade 9 girls think they are overweight 95% of all eating disorders occur between ages 12-25.

Answer 128

Electrolyte abnormalities Cardiac complications Esophageal tears/ hematemesis Suicide Risk Arrythmia Failure to respond to treatment To break abnormal eating cycle

Answer 129

electrolyte imbalances, hypothermia, hypertension, bradycardia

Answer 130

Medical Starts with 1:1 care Bedrest with cardiac monitoring Orthostatic vitals Weight restoration program Accurate In/outs Calorie Count Medications Daily Bloodwork (Refeeding syndrome) Daily weights Urine specific Gravity Psychological - Establish trust & monitor eating patterns - Build resiliency - Psychotherapy - Nutrition counseling - SSRI’s

Answer 131

CBC, iron studies TSH LH, FSH, LFT Albumin ECG Daily lytes-6, Ca, Mg, PO4, Glucose Daily Urine specific gravity

Answer 132

34-41% of adolescents with anorexia nervosa will relapse within 2 years 41% of adolescents with bulimia nervosa will relapse within 2 years

Answer 133

-Chlamydia Single dose azithromycin 7-day doxycycline -Gonorrhea Dual treatment with cephalosporin and azithromycin High rates of co-infection with Chlamydia Test of cure 3-4 weeks after treatment (gonorrhea) Partners need to be treated

Answer 134

-Bacterial -Treponemes or spirochetes -Passed through contact with chancre -High rates with MSM in most Canadian urban centers -Rates are increasing in Saskatchewan - 891% increase between 2016-2024

Answer 135

Pelvic inflammatory disease Pain Infertility Epididymitis Proctitis Reactive arthritis – joint pain in fingers and toes Conjunctivitis in newborns (gonorrhea)

Answer 136

Blood test Penicillin injection

Answer 137

-High rates in SK -13.4 cases per 100 000 live births (Canada-wide) through 2020 May be asymptomatic at birth and first few weeks of life Hepatosplenomegaly Lymphadenopathy Hemolytic anemia Pneumonia Meningitis Thrombocytopenia

Answer 138

Mucous membrane patches FTT Rash Hair loss Nail exfoliation Syphilitic rhinitis (sniffles) Anemia Poor feeding Periostitis

Answer 139

most severe form of syphilis treated w IV abx monitor closely for development for first year

Answer 140

-Viral -Skin-skin contact -75% sexually active will have at least 1 infection -200 kinds of HPV – many low risk, clear up on their own -Others cause genital warts and cancer -No reporting or contact tracing

Answer 141

Routine in grade 6 in SK Protects against 9 strains Wart and cancer-causing strains Approved for females 9-45, males 9-26 Parental consent

Answer 142

Virus -Life-long infection, subsequent outbreaks -Most commonly lesions blisters in genital area -Skin to skin contact, may not have visible lesion -Lesion swabbed for testing -No reporting or contact tracing -Antiviral medications can prescribed

Answer 143

Blood borne Often in IDU Some people can be treated

Answer 144

Infant transmission primarily maternal Perinatal or breast milk Adolescents sexual or drug use

Answer 145

A neoplastic disorder refers to a condition that involves abnormal growth of cells, which can lead to the formation of a neoplasm (a tumor). Neoplasms can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).

Answer 146

Pallor, bruising or bleeding Limb or bone pain Lumps or swelling Unexplained weight loss or fever persistent cough or SOB Sweating at night Eye Changes Abdominal swelling Headaches Nausea and/or vomiting

Answer 147

Unrestricted proliferation of immature WBCs caused by infiltration & replacement of tissues with nonfunctional leukemic cells instead of lymphoblasts. When leukemia cells build up in the blood and bone marrow, there is less room for healthy blood cells. This can cause infections, anemia, and easy bleeding

Answer 148

is a type of cancer that causes the body to make a large number of young white blood cells (myeloblasts). As with ALL, these cells build up in the blood and bone marrow, there is less room for healthy blood cells

Answer 149

Pale Irritable Febrile Unexplained weight loss Petechiae Unexplained Bruising Bone and Joint Pain

Answer 150

Diagnosis – Blood work, Lumbar puncture, Bone marrow biopsy monitor Monitor daily bloodwork WBC Hemoglobin Platelets Electrolytes Specific Gravity Urine pH

Answer 151

Treatment involves IV and intrathecal chemotherapy agents Phases: Induction CNS prophylactic therapy intensification therapy (or consolidation) maintenance therapy Relapse ALL - Immunotherapy – Blinatumomab, Car-T cell therapy Stem cell transplant

Answer 152

Preventing infection Hand hygiene Monitoring Preventing hemorrhage Preventing Anemia Managing nausea, vomiting, anorexia

Answer 153

Several tests and needle pokes – traumatic to children Use of pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods Do not forget about the caregivers Explain to everybody the procedure. Do not lie as trust will be broken Alopecia – will regrow in 3-6 months Steroids can cause weight gain and mood changes Continual emotional support is needed. Understand and individualize the patient and families' emotional needs.

Answer 154

vitals NO RECTAL TEMP weights head to toe including oral i/o signs of infection and bleeding pain n/v ensure proper PPE and thorough HH

Answer 155

Frequent and potentially life-threatening consequence of myelosuppressive chemotherapy Potential overwhelming infection d/t body’s inability to produce WBC Presentation: WBC less then 1.5, severe neutropenia 0.5 Oncology Fever - 38.3 one time or 38.0 x 2 measured 1 hr apart Rapid pulse and respirations may be evident Chills, sweats, cough Potential signs of sepsis and septic shock (hypotension, clammy, sleepiness) Assessment Vitals Head to toe assessment Look for potential source of infection (PICC, port, catheter, etc) Blood work and blood cultures Potential U/A or urine C/S for UTI NPS and CXR if resp symptoms

Answer 156

Prevention: Strict hand hygiene Reverse isolation Educate family

Answer 157

Treatment: Broad spectrum antibiotics (piptaz) ASAP Tylenol (after cultures) IVF if dehydrated

Answer 158

When cancer cells break down they release there substances into the bloodstream. If it happens to fast, the kidneys can not filtrate it fast enough resulting in a life threatening buildup. Can result in: Hyperuricemia Hyperkalemia, Hypocalemia Hyperphosphatemia

Answer 159

Assessment: - Cardiac (ECG) - Neuro - GI/GU

Answer 160

Monitor electrolytes Monitor I/O Hydration pre chemotherapy Alkalization of urine – use of sodium bicarbonate infusion (goal ph 7-8)

final 1 Flashcards

I love kids but sedate me part two (186 cards)