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kids 1 Flashcards

I love kids but someone please sedate me (67 cards)

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1
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

-helps your baby find or latch onto a bottle or breast
-test by touching corners of babies mouth
-rooting helps baby get ready for sucking
-3-4 months reflex disappears

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2
Q

Sucking reflex

A

test by touching top of mouth
-developed in 32nd week of pregnancy and not fully developed until week 36
0
-disappears 3-4 months, maybe up to 1 year

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3
Q

Moro Reflex

A

-Startle reflex. Baby throws head back, extends arms and legs, cries and then pulls limbs back in.
-test with loud sound or movement
-Complete response 8 weeks, body jerk 8-18 weeks, absent 6 months

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4
Q

Tonic Neck Reflex

A

-When a baby’s head is turned to one side, the arm on that side stretches out and the opposite arm bends up at the elbow. This is often called the fencing position
-When your baby is lying down and their head is turned to the right or left, the corresponding arm extends while the other arm bends next to their head. This makes them look like they’re about to start fencing.
-3-4 months, persistent response after 6 weeks abnormal

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5
Q

Palmar grasp

A

-Stroking the palm of a baby’s hand causes the baby to close his or her fingers in a grasp.
-test by stroking hand
-3-4 months disappears

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6
Q

Plantar grasp

A

-When you gently place your finger below your baby’s toes, they’ll curl their toes down toward your finger
-8months disappears

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7
Q

Babinski

A

-Toes flexing up and outwards
-J motion on bottom of foot
- 1 Year

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8
Q

Step

A

-This reflex is also called the walking or dance reflex because a baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with his or her feet touching a solid surface.
-Held upright with feet touching a solid surface
-3-4 weeks gone

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9
Q

1-2 days

A

Min 8 feeds per day or every 1-3 hours
stomach cherry sized
1 day- 1 wet diaper
2 days- 2 wet diapers
1-2 poops black or dark green
can lose 7% of their birth weight

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10
Q

3-4 days

A

min 8 feedings
stomach walnut size
day 3- 3 wet diapers
day 4- 4 wet diapers
min 3 poops brown yellow or green
from day 4 baby should gain 20-35g/day
should way birth weight at 10 day s

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11
Q

5-6 days

A

8 feeds
stomach apricot size
min 6 heavily wet diapers
3 seedy large soft poops

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12
Q

7-3 weeks

A

8 feeds
stomach egg size
6 heavy wet diapers
3 large soft seedy yellow poops

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13
Q

sleep times infants 4-12 months old

A

12-16 hrs

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14
Q

sleep time toddlers (1-2 yrs old)

A

11-14 hrs

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15
Q

sleep time 3-5 yrs

A

10-13 hrs

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16
Q

sleep time 6-12yrs

A

9-12hrs

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17
Q

sleep time 13-18 yrs

A

8-10 yrs

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18
Q

Head to Toe

A

-Fontanelles/Head/Spine/skin
-Eyes/Ears
-Mouth
-Chest (Lungs, HR)
-GI/GU
-Hips/Reflexes

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19
Q

When does Posterior Fontanel close?

A

6-8 weeks

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20
Q

When does Anterior Fontanel close?

A

12-18 months

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21
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Born with fontanelles closed

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22
Q

Head Lag

A

pulled from supine
complete head lag: 1 month
2 month: Partial head lag
3 months: beyond plane of Body
4-6: head control well established

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23
Q

Head control - prone

A

newborns cant lift head
momentary lift @ 1 month
90 degrees at 4 months
can push up with hands by 6 months

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24
Q

Big Gross Motor skills to know

A
  1. rolling
  2. sitting
  3. walking
  4. Head control. Above happen in order and depend on head control.
    -NOT ALL BABIES CRAWL AND THATS OK
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25
motor control milestones grabbing
4 months: batting with whole hand 5months: starts to grab 10 months: can pick up raisin
26
When assessing ears......
PULL PINNA DOWN
27
Piaget
sensorimotor phase birth-2 years separation object permanence 9-10 months mental representation
28
Erikson
trust vs. Mistrust
29
social emotional anxiety
stranger anxiety 6-8 months separation anxiety 6-8 months
30
Infant Nutrition
Breastfeeding exclusively for 6 months Vit D supplement 400 IU, more in northern communities Breastfeeding continues 2 years and beyond Formula should be iron-fortified Introduction of complementary, iron-rich food at 6 months Responsive feeding Milk primary food for 1st year of life
31
GI system
processes mature at about 3 months GI tract mature by age 2 More chance for dehydration
32
Biliary Atresia
begins to affect newborns in the first month of life. Rare but serious liver disease resulting from blockage in the bile duct. can lead to death by 2 without screening and treatment. S/S include jaundice in first few days after birth and pale yellow, chalk white or clay stool due to no bile.
33
GI system
More water as body weight Extracellular fluid ½ body weight until 2 years Dehydration risk r/t insensible losses and fever. Slower gastric emptying Increased intestinal motility. Higher gastric pH, decreased lipase and amylase
34
General PCP screening times
1 week, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18months, 2-5 yrs, every 1-2 years until they are 18
35
2 months milestones
Developmental Milestones Coos – throaty gurgling sounds. Lifts head up while lying on tummy.  Holds head steady while upright. Can be comforted and calmed by touching/rocking. Smiles responsively. Have different cries for different needs. 
36
4 months
Smiles Responsively Reciprocal conversation Makes razz sound, squeal Makes eye contact Drooling, but not excessively.  Teething? Good head control when sitting up Follows with gaze caregiver around the room Hands are midline Puts hands in mouth Symmetrical
36
6 months old
Developmental Milestones: * Turns head towards sounds.  *Makes sounds while you talk to him/her.  *Vocalizes pleasure and displeasure.  * Rolls from back to side. * Sits with support (e.g. pillows).  * Reaches/ grasps objects.
37
12 months
Responds to own name.  *Understands simple requests/statements (where is the ball?)  *Makes at least 1 consonant/vowel combination). Says 3 or more words (do not have to be clear). * Crawls or “bum” shuffles.  * Pulls to stand/walks holding on.  * Shows distress when separated from parent/caregiver. * Follows your gaze to jointly reference an object. 
38
differences in asthmatic presenting children
Smaller and shorter airway Obligate nose breathers More chance for obstruction Higher chance for infection More chance for hypoxemia Compliant chest wall Abdominal breathers until age 7.
39
patho of asthma
1. triggers 2.Subsequent exposure: IgE specific to the trigger coats mast cells. This means rapid onset of symptoms, worse severity 3. immune cells in the airways release histamine 4.Eosinophils and neutrophils arrive, causing further injury. Eosinophils release IgE 5.Airway bronchospasm, swelling, and mucous secretion = wheeze
40
assessment of asthma
SAMPLE S-signs and symptoms, A-allergies, M-medication, P-pertinent medical history (important), L-last ins and outs, E-events, chronic cough first symptoms at 5
41
physical assessment of asthma
Physical examination Inspection: Good vs. bad Auscultation and percussion Hyper resonance Wheezing – inspiratory - expiratory Laboratory and diagnostic tests SpO2, PFTs, PEFR, CXR
42
Laboratory and diagnostic tests asthma
Laboratory and diagnostic tests SpO2, PFTs, PEFR, CXR
43
asthma treatment
Treatment Pharmacologic therapy Long-term control medications Steroids (ICS) Leukotriene modifiers Long acting beta2 agonists
44
Quick relief medications Asthma
Quick relief medications Steroids Short acting beta2 agonists Anticholinergic agent
45
MILD PRAM SCORE TREATMENT
Salbutamol via MDI (metered dose inhaler) & spacer No clear evidence for oral corticosteroids
46
MODERATE PRAM TREATMENT
Salbutamol via MDI & spacer Oral corticosteroids just before or immediate after bronchodilator.   Two- Three doses of Ipratropium bromide via MDI & spacer
47
severe pram score treatment
Maybe using aerosol or MDI for Salbutamol Ipratropium Bromide x 3 Consider MgSO4 Cardio Resp monitoring – watch for hypotension and bradycardia
48
other treatments for asthma
IV salbutamol If they can't breathe Significant side effects Heliox 'Thin air' Non-invasive ventilation More studies needed but may reduce symptoms Intubation Life saving but associated with significant adverse effects.  
49
Salbutamol side effects
Tachycardia Hyperglycemia Hypokalemia Increased lactic acid - compensatory hyperventilation
50
RSV
-Viral lower respiratory tract infection  0obstruction of small airways caused by  -acute inflammation,  -edema and necrosis of the epithelial cells lining the small airways   -increased mucus production. -Affects 1/3 of children in first 2 years of life -Most common cause of hospital
51
symptoms of RSV
Tachypnea(abnormal rapid breathing) Retractions Accessory muscle use Nasal flaring Grunting Color change
52
Risk factors or RSV
premie low birth weight young infants comorbidities daycare other children in home exposure to smoking
53
Cystic Fibrosis
-Chronic, Hereditary disease -Dysfunction of exocrine glands -Primary organs involved -Lungs (most significant) -Sweat glands -Pancreas -Liver Abnormal transport of chloride, sodium, water Thick, viscous secretions that lead to inflammation and infection*
54
how does CF effect nutrition
Intestinal obstruction, insufficient pancreatic enzymes. malabsorption in the intestines, liver involvement, poor growth and development
55
complications of CF
Pneumothorax, RS heart failure, resp failure, diabetes mellitus, lung infections
56
apical impulse 0-4, 4-6 and 7+ years
0-4. 3-4th intercostal 4-6. 4th 7. 5th
57
cardiac output
co= sv x hr
58
CHD congenital heart defects
problems or defects of the heart that happened while the heart was developing in a baby before birth.
59
CHD Acyanotic
Increased pulmonary blood flow, Obstructive disorders
60
CHD Cyanotic
Decreased pulmonary blood flow, Mixed disorders
61
CHD Fluid overload
Decreased kidney blood flow stimulates sodium and water reabsorption Increased workload Pulmonary and systemic congestion
62
ace inhibitors
Reduce afterload, make it easier to pump Vasodilation Reduction of preload and afterload
63
Beta Blockers
Not used as often in children
64
65
Digoxin
Improve contractility Adjunct therapy needed Digoxin induces an increase in intracellular sodium that will drive an influx of calcium in the heart and cause an increase in contractility. Cardiac output increases with a subsequent decrease in ventricular filling pressures
66

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