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Final Flashcards

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1
Q

When the fetus drops in preparation for labor it’s called?

A

Lightening

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2
Q

The Leopold Maneuver is used to determine 3 things for delivery, what are they?

A

1st Maneuver - Lie
2nd Maneuver - Presentation (cephalic or breech)
3rd Maneuver - Position (occiput in relation to maternal pelvis, fetal head up against sym pubis)

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3
Q

What occurs during the 1st stage of labor?

A

Oxytocin & prostaglandin are released

Increase in uterine contractions

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4
Q

What are the 2 phases of the 1st stage of labor?

A

Latent phase - cervical effacement & early dilation

Active phase - rapid cervical dilation & full effacement, if membranes haven’t ruptured they will during this phase

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5
Q

From time of complete dilation to delivery of baby is what stage of labor?

A

2nd

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6
Q

What are the steps of the 2nd stage of labor?

A 
Descent/Engagement
Flexion (of baby's head)
Internal rotation
Extension
External Rotation/Restitution
Expulsion
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7
Q

What occurs during the internal rotation step of the 2nd stage of labor?

A

Brings occiput directly in front of pubis

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8
Q

What occurs during the extension step of the 2nd stage of labor?

A

At vaginal outlet to allow the head to pass thru, once head is through, they suction the baby’s lungs

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9
Q

What occurs during the external rotation/restitution step of the 2nd stage of labor?

A

Get head back to normal

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10
Q

What occurs during the expulsion step of the 2nd stage of labor?

A

Rest of body comes out

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11
Q

What stage of labor is from delivery of baby through the delivery of the placenta?

A

3rd stage of labor

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12
Q

How long does the 3rd stage of labor last (max)?

A

45 mins

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13
Q

When the fetal surface (smooth, shiny looking) of the placenta delivers first it’s known as what?

A

Schultz Delivery

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14
Q

When the maternal surface (lumpy,red, & meaty looking) of the placenta delivers first it’s known as what?

A

Duncan Delivery

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15
Q

The hour immediately following delivery of baby & placenta is what stage of labor?

A

4th stage of labor

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16
Q

Postpartum hemorrhage commonly occurs during which stage of labor?

A

4th stage

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17
Q

When the uterus begins to shrink as soon as the placenta is expulsed is called what?

A

Uterus Involution

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18
Q

Red uterine discharge in the first few days after delivery is called what?

A

Lochia Rubra

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19
Q

Pink uterine discharge around day 3-5 post delivery is called what?

A

Lochia Serosa

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20
Q

Yellow or white uterine discharge by day 10 post delivery is called what?

A

Lochia Alba

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21
Q

This is defined as slow or difficult labor, delivery, dysfunctional labor

A

Dystocia

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22
Q

When the uterus does not contract down as forcefully as need to expulse fetus it’s called what?

A

Ineffective uterine expulsive forces

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23
Q

Type of breech presentation where you see the baby’s butt, flexed thighs, & extended knees. Makes up 65% of breech presentations

A

Frank Breech

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24
Q

Type of breech presentation where the baby is sitting in a “squat” presentation. Both thighs & knees are flexed. Makes up 25% of breech presentations

A

Complete breech

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25
Type of breech presentation where the baby has one or both thighs extended & one or both knees extended below the butt. Makes up 10% of breech presentations
Footling or Incomplete breech
26
In a twin pregnancy, when each fetus has its own umbilical cord & placenta it's called what?
Diamniotic & dichorionic twins
27
Defined as the cessation of menses for a minimum of 6-12 consecutive months due to inadequate ovarian follicular development & waning of estrogen
Menopause
28
What is considered normal menopause?
Menopause occurs abruptly without any premenopausal change in menstrual bleeding (some experience this) Menstrual periods that are lighter, shorter & less frequent (many experience this)
29
These occur during menopause due to unstable hypothalamic control of hormones due to estrogen withdrawl
Hot flashes
30
What are symptoms of menopause?
``` Hot flashes Fatigue Vaginal dryness Urinary incontinence Increased UTI Weight gain Insomnia Decreased libido Mood swings Night sweats ```
31
Herniation of the bladder into the anterior wall of the vagina beneath the floor of the bladder is called what?
Cystocele
32
Prolapse of the small intestine thru the posterior aspect of the vagina at the level of the cul-de-sac of Douglas is called what?
Enterocele
33
Herniation of lower rectum thru the posterior vaginal wall is called what?
Rectocele
34
This is d/t relaxation of the cardinal & uterosacral ligaments which allows descent of cervix & uterus into vagina & beyond
Uterine Prolapse
35
This is an instrument that is inserted into the vagina to correct uterine prolapse
Pessary
36
This occurs d/t loss of anatomic angle between the bladder & the urethra
Genuine stress incontinence
37
This is AKA overactive bladder or urge incontinence
Detrusor Dyssynergia
38
Defined as bladder dysfunction that is caused by neurological damage
Neurogenic bladder
39
What are etiologies of neurogenic bladder?
``` Strokes Spinal Injury Herniated Discs Parkinson’s Disease Multiple Sclerosis Syphilis ```
40
UTI's are usually caused by what?
Bacteria (90% d/t E. coli)
41
Bartholin Gland cysts develop b/c of what?
Duct obstruction
42
What STD is assoc. w/ 10-50% of bartholin gland abscesses?
Gonorrhea
43
Type of vaginitis that occurs d/t hormonal fluctuations changing vaginal pH. Typically postmenopausal
Hormonal Vaginitis (Atrophic vaginitis)
44
Type of vaginitis that is caused by the Use of certain meds or hygiene products irritating the mucosa
Allergic Vaginitis
45
Type of vaginitis that is caused by physical agents or sexual activity
Traumatic vaginitis
46
Type of vaginitis that is caused by a forgotten tampon, contraceptive device, or pessaries
Foreign Body vaginitis
47
What are the different sub-types of Irritant vaginitis?
Chemical Vaginitis Allergic Vaginitis Traumatic Vaginitis Foreign body Vaginitis
48
Type of vaginitis that may be sexually transmitted or may arise from a disturbance to the delicate ecology of the vagina
Infectious vaginitis
49
Type of vaginitis that is caused by an STD, may be asymptomatic at first but then has a frothy, green discharge & foul smell. Assoc. w/ a Strawberry Cervix (d/t punctuate hemorrhaging)
Trichomonas Vaginalis
50
This can cause an infectious vaginitis that has a thick or cottage cheese discharge. Increased incidence in DM pts
Candida Albicans
51
Type of vaginitis that is non-irritating, has a grey discharge, and has a fishy, foul, rotten odor
Nonspecific vaginitis
52
This is the M/C organism to develop PID
Neisseria Gonorrhea
53
Type of viral infection that causes genital ulcers, extreme pain, bleeding of cervix, & clear fluid discharge
Herpes Simplex
54
Infection of the upper genital tract in women, usually starts in the lower genital tract & ascends to involve the upper genital tract
Pelvic inflammatory disease
55
Do malignant adnexal masses tend to be larger or smaller?
Larger
56
Adenxal masses that are cystic (fluid filled) tend to be _____ whereas masses that are solid or complex tend to be ________
Benign; malignant
57
What type of borders do benign adnexal masses have? malignant adnexal masses?
Smooth; vague, rough edges
58
Which type of adnexal masses tend to be mobile, benign or malignant?
Benign
59
Type of cysts that are related to the menstrual cycle
Functional cysts
60
Type of simple cyst lined by granulose cells w/i the ovarian stroma
Follicle cysts
61
Ds that is caused by functional cysts that produce hormones are uncontrolled. Charac. by irregular or no menstrual periods, acne, obesity, & excess hair growth
Polycystic Ovarian Disease
62
A tumor of embryonic origin that is composed of various structures. Benign, often asymptomatic, unilateral
Cystic teratoma/Dermoid cyst
63
What is PCOS AKA?
Stein-Leventhal Syndrome Chronic Hyperandrogenism Chronic Oligo-Ovulation
64
Basis of chronic anovulation in PCOS is d/t what?
Excess amount of androgen & its conversion to estrogen
65
What are symptoms of PCOS?
``` Obesity Secondary amenorrhea Deep voice Hirsuitism Increase in muscle mass Infertility ```
66
Defined as the presence of endometrial glands & stroma within the myometrium of the uterus. Assoc. w/ enlarged uterus that is tender w/ palpation
Adenomyosis
67
M/C benign tumor of the uterus. Defined as a benign tumor that is composed of smooth muscle & CT elements. Hard tumor that is non-painful unless there is compression against adjacent organs
Leiomyoma
68
A benign condition in which endometrial glands & stroma are present in locations outside of the uterine cavity & walls
Endometriosis
69
What is the M/C site of occurrence for endometriosis?
Ovaries
70
What is the charac. triad of symptoms assoc. w/ endometriosis?
Dysmenorrhea Dyspareunia Dyschezia
71
These are AKA Chocolate cysts d/t to chocolate-like color when they develop
Ovarian Cysts
72
What is a tx for endometriosis?
Surgery (conservative surgery = laser ablation)
73
What are signs of vulva cancer?
Dermatitis | Ulceration
74
Type of cancer that is M/C around 50yrs of age. If caught early, can be tx & cured. Assoc. w/ postcoital bleeding (bleeding after sex)
Cervical cancer
75
What is the M/C genital cancer in women?
Endometrial cancer
76
What is the M/C type of endometrial carcinoma?
Adenocarcinoma
77
What are s/s of Uterine/endometrial cancer?
Hypermenorrhea Intermenstrual bleeding Postmenopausal bleeding (usually over 50yoa) Rapid uterine enlargement
78
What is the most effective form of contraception?
Sterilization
79
This was the 1st type of IUD. Works by immobilizing & killing sperm
Copper IUD

OB/GYN (3 decks)

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