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Language Development > final > Flashcards

final Flashcards

1
Q

language

A

system of arbitrary symbols that is rule based, generative, and used as a social tool in communication

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2
Q

expressive vs receptive language

A

Expressive: ability to share thoughts and meanings through words

Receptive: ability to understand others’ spoken language (auditory comprehension)

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3
Q

components of language

A

syntax
pragmatics
morphology
phonology
semantics

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4
Q

syntax

A

how words are used to express meaning in sentence structures

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5
Q

pragmatics

A

use of language in social interactions, rules for social interaction

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6
Q

semantics

A

how words correspond to things/events in the world; how language reflects a speakers meaning or intent

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7
Q

morphology

A

how words and smaller units are combined to form other words

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8
Q

phonology

A

how sounds are combined to form words

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9
Q

communicative competence

A

ability to communicate a message and understand concepts being communicated

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10
Q

linguistic competence

A

use of morphology, phonology, syntax, and semantics

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11
Q

language acquisition device (LAD)

A

concept that infants have an instinctive mental capacity that enables them to acquire and produce language

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12
Q

Social interaction theory

A

language acquisition based on social interactions and experiences with language

children desire interactions

zone of proximal development and scaffolding

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13
Q

Speech Acts theory

A

says language acquisition is based on semantic-pragmatic unit “speech acts” that label meaning and result in an action

stages:
prelinguistic
linguistic
appearance of syntax

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14
Q

Behavioral Theory

A

language development based on operant conditioning (+ or - rx)

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15
Q

Principles and parameters theory

A

language acquisition based on LAD

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16
Q

Cognitive theory

A

language acquisition and cognition are connected

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17
Q

Emergentism theory

A

language acquisition is based in emergent effect of: cognition, social interaction, pragmatic skills, and attention

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18
Q

scaffolds

A

conversational reacts that add new info but maintain meaning

extension, expansion, recasts, models

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19
Q

primitive speech acts

A

communicative intentions before speech

labeling, answering ?, requesting, greeting, protesting, repeating

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20
Q

Broca’s area

A

important for speech production as it activated articulators

associated with phonology, semantics, syntax, and motor control

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21
Q

Wernike’s area

A

used in language comprehension and speech reception

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22
Q

neuroplasticity

A

brain’s ability to grow and change when exposed to new info or experiences

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23
Q

neurons

A

basic funcțional unit of the nervous system that send/receives info to cells

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24
Q

components of CNS

A

brain and spinal cord

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25
components of PNS
spinal and cranial nerves outside of spinal cord and brain
26
rights side of brain vs left side
Right: attention, memory, reasoning, problem solving visual perception, understanding and producing face and voice emotion, attention and shifting attention Left: language, logical thought, critical thought, reasoning understanding and producing language, memory for spoken and written language
27
magical thinking
child falsely believing a certain action will influence the world around them
28
divergent thinking
thought process allowing children to generate a number of possible solutions
29
Theory of Mind
allows children to understand how others feel and that it may be different than how they feel
30
Symbolic play
using objects to represent a different object
31
speech intelligibility
how clear/easily understood someone's speech is to the listener
32
working memory
allows encoding, storing, processing and rehearing os info essential for language development
33
overextension
using perceptual characteristics of an entity to extend meaning
34
under-extension
restricted or limited meaning of a word
35
domain specific vocabulary
vocabulary specific to a specialized domain/subject
36
mental lexicon
mental dictionary of words a person knows
37
morpheme
smallest meaningful unit of a word with meaning
38
4 stages of play and ages
solitary- 0-24 months parallel- 24-36 months associative- 3-4 years cooperative- 4 years
39
at what age do we expect a response to name being called?
6 months
40
mirror neurons
mirror the behavior of others as though the observer were acting himself infants imitating facial expressions before they understand that they have a face
41
3 major pragmatic communication skills
use of language to greet, inform, and request changing and adapting language to different people/situations following rules in conversations
42
incidental learning
occurs in preschool stage learning words through conversation and not direct instruction
43
phonological processes
syllable structure whole word substitution assimilation
44
open and closed syllables
open syllables end in vowel closed syllables end in consonant
45
cultural considerations in play
does the child play alone? types of toys? play and watch tv at same time?
46
phonological knowledge
linking letters to sounds
47
orthographic knowledge
quickly identifying words to speed up fluency
48
morphological knowledge
identifying prefixes and suffixes to speed up fluency
49
phonemic awareness
recognizing words can be put together to form words
50
phonological awareness
awareness of phonological structure/sound structure of words
51
6 critical literacy areas
phonological awareness spelling reading comprehension reading fluency vocabulary writing
52
5 ways sound units can be manipulated
blending segmenting substituting deleting matching
53
code switching
alternation between two languages within a single discourse
54
language loss
losing language skills due to not using them
55
simultaneous vs sequential language acquisition
simultaneous is at the same time sequential is one then the other
56
hearing
ability to receive, process, and interpret sounds
57
conductive hearing loss
hearing loss due to damage of ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear bones
58
sensorineural hearing loss
hearing loss due to missing/damaged sensory cells in cochlea
59
outer ear consists of what
ear drums and ear canal
60
middle ear bones
malleus incus stapes
61
5 signs of hearing loss
asking for repetition misunderstanding appears inattentive watching others actions speech problems withdraws form social situations

Language Development (5 decks)

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